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| Nerves that carry sensory nerve impulses from the body to the spinal cord or brain. |
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| Division of the periphial nervous system that carries nerve impulses to the heart, involuntary smooth muscles, and glands. It includes the parasympathetic division and the sympathetic division. |
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| Division of the nervous system that includes the brain and the spinal cord. |
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| Nerves that carry motor nerve impulses from the spinal cord or brain to the body. |
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| Body system that consists of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves,and spinal nerves. It includes the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system and its divisions. The nervous system is made of neural tissue. |
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| Division of the autonomic nervous system. Its neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. It directs the activity of the heart, involuntary smooth muscles, and glands while the body is at rest. |
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| Peripheral Nervous System |
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| Division of the nervous system that includes the cranial nerves and the spinal nerves. |
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| Structure on the cell membrane of a dendrite (or on a muscle, organ, or gland) where a neurotransmitter binds. |
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| Involuntary muscle reaction that is controlled by the spinal cord. In response to sudden pain or muscle stretch, the spinal cord immediately sends a command to move. All of this takes place without conscious thought or processing by the brain. The entire circuit that the nerve impulse travels is also know as a reflex arc. |
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| Division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the movements of voluntary skeletal muscles. |
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| Division of the automomic nervous system. Its neurotransmitter is norepinephrine. It directs the activity of the heart, involuntary muscles, and glands during times of increased activity. During danger or stress ("fight or flight"), it stimulates the adrenal gland to release the hormone epinephrine into the blood. |
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| Thin, middle layer of the meninges that contain spider-weblike network of fibers that go into the subarachnoid space. |
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| Area in the temporal lobe of the cerebrum that analyzes sensory information from the receptors in the cochlea for the sense of hearing. |
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| Largest organ of the nervous system and is located in the cranial cavity. |
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| Most inferior part of the brain that joins with the spinal cord. It is composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. |
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| Small, rounded structure that is the most posterior part of the brain. It monitors muscle tone and position and coordinates muscle movement. |
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| The outermost surface of the cerebrum. It consists of grey matter that contains the cell bodies of the neurons. |
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| Clear fluid that is produced by the ependymal cells that line te ventricles in the brain and the canal within the spinal cord. It circulates through the ventricles, into the spinal canal, back to the brain and through the subarachnoid space of the meninges. It cushions and protects the brain and contains glucose and other nutrients. |
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| The largest and most visible part of the brain. Its surface contains gyri and sulci, and it's divided into two hemispheres. |
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| Connecting band of the neurons between the two hemispheres of the cerebrum that allows them to communicate and coordinate their activities. |
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| Hollow cavity inside the cranium that contains the brain. |
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| Rounded dome of the bone at the top of the skull. |
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| Tough, outermost layer of the meninges. The dura mater lies just beneath the bones of the cranium and within the foramen of each vertebra. |
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| Deep division that runs in an anterior-to-posterior direction through the cerebrum and divides it into right and left hemisphere. |
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| Lobe of the cerebrum that predicts future events and consequences. Exerts conscious control over the skeletal muscles. Contains the gustatory cortex for the sense of taste. |
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| Area in the frontal lobe of the cerebrum that analyzes sensory information from taste receptors in the tongue for the sense of taste. |
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| One of many elevated folds on the surface of the cerebrum. Between each gyrus is a sulcus (Narrow Groove) |
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| One half of the cerebrum. The right hemisphere recognizes patterns and 3D structures. Left Hemisphere deals in mathematical and logical reasoning, sight and sound. |
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| Area in the center of the brain just below the thalamus that coodinates the activities of the pons and the medulla oblongata. Controls heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, body temp., sensations of hunger and thirst. Produces hormones for the endocrine system. |
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| Large area of the cerebrum. Each lobe is named for the bone of the cranium that is above it. Frontal, Parietal, temporal, and occipital. |
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| Most inferior part of the brainstem that joins to the spinal cord. It relays nerve impulses from the cerebrum to the cerebellum. It contains the respiratory centers. |
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| 3 seperate membranes that envelop and protect the entire brain and spinal cord. Includes: dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater. |
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| Most superior part of the brainstem. It keeps the mind conscious, coordinates immediate responses, and maintains muscle tone and body position. |
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| Lobe of the cerebrum that recieves and analyzes sensory info. from the eyes. Contains visual cortex. |
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| Area in the temporal lobe of the cerebrum that analyzes sensory info. from receptors in the nose for smell. |
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| Lobe of the cerebrum that receives and analyzes sensory info about temp. touch and pain. |
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| Thin, delicate, innermost layer of the meninges. Covers the surface of the brain |
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| Middle part of the brainstem that relays nerve impulses from the spinal cord to the midbrain, hypothalamus, thalamus, and cerebrum. |
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| Area of the parietal lobe of the cerebrum that analyzes sensory info. from receptors in the skin, joints, and muscles. |
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| Grey-to-black pigmented area in the midbrain of the brainstem that produces the neurotransmitter dopamine. |
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| Groove between two Gyri on the surface of the cerebrum |
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| Lobe of the cerebrum that analyzes sensory info. Contains the auditory cortex for hearing and the olfactory cortex for smell. |
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| Area in the center of the cerebrum that is a relay station. Takes sensory nerve impulses from the cranial and spinal nerves and sends them to the midbrain and the cerebrum. |
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| One of four hollow chambers in the brain that contains cerebrospinal fluid. Two lateral ventricles are in the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum. Third is between the two lobes in the thalamus. Fourth is long and narrow, connects to the spinal cavity. |
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| Area in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum that analyzes sensory information from the receptors in the retina of each eye, Sight. |
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| Group of nerve roots that begin where the spinal cord ends and continue inferiorly within the spinal cavity. Looks like the tail of a horse. |
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| Area between the dura mater and the vertebral body. Filled with fatty tissue and blood vessels. |
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| Hollow cavity within each vertebra. Contains the spinal cord. Also known as Spinal Canal |
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| Part of the central nervous system. Begins at the medulla oblongata of the brain and extends down the back within the spinal cavity. Ends at the lumbar vertebra L2 and separates into nerve roots (Cauda Equina) |
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| Cranial Nerve VI. Motor Nerve. Movement of the Eye |
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| Cranial Nerve XI. Motor Nerve, movement of muscles for swallowing, vocal cords, and muscles of the neck and upper back. |
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| Twelve Pairs of nerves hat originate in the brain. They carry sensory nerve impulses to the brain and.or motor nerve impulses from the brain. |
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| Cranial Nerve VII. Sensory and motor nerve. Taste for the front of the tongue. Movement of the facial muscles and salivary and lacrimal glands. |
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| Cranial Nerve IX. Sensory and motor nerve. Taste from the back of the tongue. Movement of the muscles for swallowing and the parotid salivary glands. |
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| Cranial Nerve XII. Motor Nerve. Movement of the tongue. |
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Cranial nerve III. Motor Nerve. Movement of the eyeball, eyelids, and iris.
(Change diameter of the pupil) |
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| Cranial Nerve I. Sensory nerve. Smell |
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| Cranial Nerve II. Sensory nerve. Vision |
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| Cranial nerve V. Sensory and motor nerve. Sensation to the face and mouth. Movement of muscles for chewing. Consists of three branches: Ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, mandibular nerve. |
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| Cranial nerve IV. Motor Nerve. Movement of the eyeball. |
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| Cranial Nerve X. Sensory and motor nerve. Sensation of taste from the soft palate and throat. Sensation in the ears, diaphragm, and the internal organs. Controls heart rate and the smooth muscles in the bronchi and GI tract. |
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| Cranial nerve VIII. Sensory Nerve. Sense of hearing and balance. It's also known as the auditory nerve. |
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| Group of spinal nerve roots that enter the posterior (dorsal) part of the spinal cord and carry sensory nerve impulses from the body to the spinal cord. |
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| 31 pairs of nerves. Each pair joins the spinal cord in the area between two vertebrae. An individual spinal nerve consists of dorsal nerve roots and ventral nerve roots. |
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| Group of spinal nerve roots that exit from the anterior (ventral) part of the spinal cord and carry motor nerve impulses to the body. |
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| Part of the neuron that is a single, elongate branch at the opposite end from the dendrites. Conducts electrical impulse and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse. Larger Axon covered by myelin |
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| Area in the cell body of a neuron that contains structures that produce neurotransmitter and energy for the neuron. |
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| Multiple branches at the beginning of a neuron whose receptors bind with a neurotransmitter and convert it to an electrical impulse |
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| Fatty sheath around a larger axon. Increases the electrical impulse. |
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| A bundle of individual neurons. |
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| An individual nerve cell. The functional part of the nervous system |
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| Structure in the cell body of a neuron that directs cellular activities. |
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| Space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron. Space between the axon of a neuron and the cells of a muscle, organ, or gland. |
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| Star-shaped cell that provides structural support for neurons, connects them to capillaries, and forms the blood-brain barrier. |
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| Cells that line the walls of the ventricles, spinal cavity, and the central canal within the spinal cord and produces cerebrospinal fluid. |
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| Cells that move, engulf, and destroy pathogens anywhere in the central nervous system. |
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| Cells that hold neurons in place and perform specialized tasks. Neuroglia includes astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, oligodendroglia, and schwann cells. |
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| Cells that form the myelin sheath around larger axons in the brain and spinal cord. These cells have few branching structures. |
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| Cells that form the myelin sheath around the larger axons of the cranial and spinal nerves. |
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| Neurotransmitter in synapse between neurons of the parasympathetic division. It's also in synapse between motor neurons and voluntary skeletal muscles in the somatic nervous system |
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| Neurotransmitter in the synapses between neurons in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, and limbic system in the brain. Produced by the substania nigra of the midbrain. |
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| Neuromodulators that are one of several natural pain relievers produced by the brain. |
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| Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal gland and released into the blood. It stimulates the body to prepare for "fight of flight" |
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| Chemical messenger that travels across the synapse between neurons. |
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| Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic division. |
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| Neurotransmitter in the synapse between neurons in the limbic system, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and spinal cord. |
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