Term
| Oxygen- Functional Class: |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxygen- Mechanism of Action: |
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Definition
| A colorless, odorless, tasteless gas necessary for the breakdown of glucose into a usable energy form |
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Term
| Oxygen- Indications and Contraindications: |
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Definition
Indications: Presence of suspicion of hypoxemia
Contraindications: None |
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Term
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Definition
Patients with COPD
Open flames
Long term, high concentration use in neonates, as retrolental fibroplasia may occur |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Every 1L/min increase in O2 is equal to a 4% increase in concentration
ie 1 L/min = 25%
2 L/min = 29% |
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Term
| Albuterol- Functional Class: |
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Definition
| Sympathomimetic bronchodilator |
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Term
| Albuterol- Mechanism of Action: |
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Definition
| Selectively stimulates Beta-2 adrengic receptor increasing bronchodilation. It produces these results by stimulating adenyl cyclase, which transforms ATP into cAMP. cAMP causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. In therapeutic doses, albuterol also inhibits histamine release from mast cells, reducing mucus secretion |
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Term
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Definition
Bronchospasm
Patients with reversible obstructive airway disease |
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Term
| Albuterol- Contraindications: |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Consider monitoring peak flow rates
Monitor vitals and respiratory status during treatments |
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Term
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Definition
| Tremors, anxiety, HTN, tachycardia, headache, palpitations, seizures, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, rash |
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Term
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Definition
| Other sympathomimetic bronchodilators, beta-blockers. Use with extreme caution in patients with MAIO's and TCAs as potentiation may occur |
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Term
| Albuterol- Dosage and Route: |
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Definition
| Adult: 2.5mg in 3 mL NS via aerosol neb prn x 4 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Narcan- Functional Class: |
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Definition
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Term
| Narcan- Mechanism of Action: |
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Definition
| Competes for, and displaces, narcotic molecules from opiate receptors in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| Opiate overdose, Coma of unknown origin |
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Term
| Narcan- Contraindications: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Use caution on narcotic physically-dependent patients as naloxone can cause abrupt reversal of narcotic effects |
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Term
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Definition
| Nausea, vomiting, HTN, ventricular arrhythmias, tachycardia, hyperventilation, tremors |
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Term
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Definition
| May cause narcotic withdrawl in narcotic-dependent patient, so administer only enough to reverse respiratory depression |
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Term
| Narcan- Dosage and Route: |
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Definition
| 0.4-2mg IVP/IM/IN/SQ/ET q 5 minutes to a max of 10 mg (double the dose if administering via ET) |
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Term
| Narcan- Pharmocokinetics: |
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Definition
Onset= 2-10 minutes IM/ET, less than 2 minutes IV
Duration= 20-120 minutes
Half-life= 60-90 minutes |
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Term
Narcan- Narcotic Opiates List:
Hint- there are 15 |
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Definition
| morphine, paregoric, Percodan, Nubain, Darvon, Demerol, Dilaudid, Percocet, Talwin, Darvocet, heroin, codeine, methadone, Stadol, fentanyl |
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Term
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Definition
| D50W, official name: 50% dextrose in water |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| D50- Mechanism of Action: |
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Definition
| Principal form of glucose used by the body to create energy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| None in a patient with documented hypoglycemia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Use with caution in patients with increasing ICP, as the added glucose may worsen cerebral edema. Consider blood glucose monitoring before and after administration. Monitor for localized venous irritation |
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Term
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Definition
| Tissue necrosis, phlebitis, pain at injection site |
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Term
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Definition
| 25 g of a 50% solution IVP prn |
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Term
| Thiamine- Functional Class: |
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Definition
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Term
| Thiamine- Mechanism of Action: |
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Definition
| It is an essential coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, required for the metabolism of pyruvic acid to acetyl-coenzyme-A. The brain is extremely sensitive to thiamine deficiency and chronic alcohol intake interferes with the absorption, intake and use of thiamine. Wernicke's syndrome and Karosakoff's psychosis can result from thiamine deficiency. |
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Term
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Definition
Delerium tremens,
Malnourishment associated with hypoglycemia |
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Term
| Thiamine- Contraindications: |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Pulmonary edema, angioedema, slight hypotension, nausea, vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Thiamine- Dosage and Route: |
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Definition
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Term
| Atropine Sulfate- Functional Class: |
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Definition
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Term
| Atropine- Mechanism of Action: |
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Definition
| Blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, thus inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation. By blocking vagal impulses to the heart it increases SA node discharge, enhancing conduction through the AV junction and increasing cardiac output. |
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Term
|
Definition
Asystole (brady-asystolic arrest)
Bradycardic PEA
Nerve agent poisoning |
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Term
| Atropine- Contraindications: |
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Definition
| None in the emergency setting |
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Term
|
Definition
| Use with caution in patients with signs and symptoms of acute myocardial ichemia, MI, glaucoma |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blurred vision, dilated pupils, dry mouth, tachycardia, drowsiness, convulsions, HTN or hypotension, palpitations, paradoxical bradycardia (if given too slowly), AV dissociation, urinary retention |
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Term
|
Definition
| Antihistamines, TCAs, prrocainamide can lead to anticholinergic effects of atropine |
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Term
| Atropine- Dosage and Route: |
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Definition
Asystole or PEA- 1mg IVP q 3-5 mins up to 0.04 mg/kg
Endotracheal- 2 mg ET q 3-5 mins
Nerve Agent- 2mg IM via autoinjector q 10 minutes prn |
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Term
| Atropine- Pharmocodynamics: |
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Definition
Absorption- 2-4 minutes IV
Half life- 2-3 hours |
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Term
| Aspirin- Functional Class: |
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Definition
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Term
| Aspirin- Mechanism of Action: |
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Definition
| Blocks the production of cyclooxygenase, the precurser to Thromboxane A2 (which is the inducer of platelet aggregation). |
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Term
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Definition
| Suspected AMI, chest pain, or ACS |
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Term
| Aspirin- Contraindications: |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Peptic ulcer disease, asthma |
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Term
|
Definition
| OD may result in considerable toxicity with dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, thrombocytopenia, easy bruising, and/or metabolic acidosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Incompatible with uricosuric agents. Anticoagulants increase risk of bleeding. |
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Term
| Aspirin- Dosage and Route: |
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Definition
| 324mg PO (chewable) tablets |
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Term
| Epinephrine- Functional Class: |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
1:1,000 (1mg of epi in 1ml or 1mg/ml)
1:10,000 (1mg of epi in 10ml or 0.1 mg/ml) |
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Term
| Epi- Mechanism of Action: |
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Definition
| A naturally-occurring catecholmine that acts directly on alpha and beta (more profound) adrenergic receptors. This causes positive inotropic, dromotropic, and chronotropic effects as well as increased systemic vascular resistance and BP. |
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Term
|
Definition
Cardiac arrest: asystole, VF, pulseless VT, PEA
Anaphylaxis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Protect from light. Can be deactivated by sodium bicarbonate, therefore flush IV line between administration of epi and sodium bicarb. Effects can be intensified by antidepressants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases myocardial oxygen demand. Can cause palpitations, anxiety, headache, CVA, syncope, HTN, tachydysrhythmias, tissue necrosis with repeated injections or extravasation of IV. |
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Term
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Definition
| May increase hypotension caused by phenothiazines, alpha and beta blockers, can be deactivated in alkaline solutions or sodium bicarbonate. |
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Term
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Definition
Cardiac Arrest: 1mg of 1:10,000 IVP q 3-5 mins OR
2mg ET q 3-5 mins of 1:1,000 (diluted to 10ml)
Anaphylaxis: 0.3mg SQ of 1:1,000 q 5-15 mins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Glucagon- Functional Class: |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucagone- Mechanism of Action: |
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Definition
| Glucagon is a protein secreted from the alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It is used to convert stored glycogen in the liver to glucose. Additionally, it inhibits the synthesis of glycogen from glucose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypoglycemia without IV access |
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Term
| Glucagon- Contraindications: |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Glucagon is only effective if there are sufficient stores of glycogen in the liver. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hypotension, headache, dizziness, N/V, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Glucagon- Dosage and Route: |
|
Definition
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Term
| Glucagon- Pharmacokinetics: |
|
Definition
Onset= 5-20 mins
Duration= 1-1.5 hours |
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