Term
| 4 levels of prehospital care providers |
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Definition
| First Responder, EMT-B, EMT-I, EMT-Paramedic |
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Term
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Definition
| Medical policies, procedures, and practices that are available to EMS providers either off-line or on-line |
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Term
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Definition
| The policies and procedures for all components of an EMS system. Also called orders or standing orders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Preauthorized treatment procedures; a type of treatment protocol |
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Term
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Definition
| Physician who is legally responsible for the clinical and patient care aspects of an EMS system. |
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Term
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Definition
| The medical director's broad responsibilities, including all clinical and administrative functions and activities necessary to exercise ultimate responisbility for the emergency care provided by individual personnel and the entire EMS system. |
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Term
| off-line medical direction |
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Definition
| Medical policies, procedures, and practices that medical direction has established in written guidelines (protocols). |
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Term
| on-line medical direction |
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Definition
| Direct orders from a physician to a prehospital care provider given by radio or telephone. |
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Term
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Definition
| denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance |
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Term
| 3 types of stress reactions |
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Definition
| Acute stress reactions, delayed stress reaction (PTSD), and cumulative stress reaction (burnout). |
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Term
| signs and symptoms of stress |
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Definition
| irritability, inability to concentrate, difficulty sleeping, anxiety, indecisiveness, guilt, loss of appetite, loss of sexual desire, isolation, loss of interest in work |
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Term
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Definition
| thinking, psychological, physical, behavioral, social |
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Term
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Definition
| personal protective equipment |
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Term
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Definition
| body substance isolation (standard precautions) |
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Term
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Definition
| Actions and care that are legally allowed by the state in which he or she is providing emergency medical care |
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Term
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Definition
| Care that would be expected to be given to a patient by any trained EMT under similar circumstances |
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Term
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Definition
| The legal obligation to care for a patient who requires it while on duty |
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Term
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Definition
| A law that provides immunity from liability for acts performed in good faith to assist at the scene of a medical emergency unless those acts constitute gross negligence. |
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Term
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Definition
| expressed consent, implied consent, minor consent |
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Term
| advanced directive, 3 common types |
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Definition
| Instructions, written in advance, such as a living will, do not resuscitate order (DNR), and a health care durable power of attorney |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of discontinuing emergency care without ensuring that another health care professional with equivalent or better training will take over |
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Term
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Definition
| A willful threat to inflict harm on a person |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of touching a person unlawfully without his consent. |
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Term
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Definition
| An intentional false communication that injures another person's reputation or good name |
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Term
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Definition
| The intentional and unjustifiable detention of a person without his consent or other legal authority |
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Term
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Definition
| Consent for treatment that is given by a competent patient based on full disclosure of possible risks and consequences |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of injuring a person's reputation or good name in writing or through the mass media with malicious intent or reckless disregard for the falsity of those statements |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of injuring a person's reputation or good name through spoken statements with malicious intent or reckless disregard for the falsity of those statements |
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Term
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Definition
| A wrongful act, injury, or damage |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of deviating from an accepted standard of care through carelessness, inattention, disregard, inadvertence, or oversight, which results in further injury of the patient. Simple negligence occurs when EMT fails to perform care or a mistake is made. Gross negligence is willful, wanton, or extremely reckless patient care. |
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Term
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Definition
| supine, prone, lateral recumbent position (recovery), Fowler's position (45-60 degrees), semi-Fowler's position (less than 45 degrees), Trendelenburg (supine with legs above head), shock (legs elevated 12 inches). |
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Term
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Definition
| Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), coccyx (4) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Adults 12-20, children 15-30, infants 25-50, newborns 30-60 |
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Term
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Definition
| stridor (harsh, high-pitched), rales (crackling), rhonchi (wheezing), snoring |
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Term
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Definition
| carotid, femoral, radial, brachial, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis |
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Term
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Definition
| adult 60-80, adolescent 60-105, school-aged child 60-120, preschooler 80-150, infant 120-150, newborn 100-180 |
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Term
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Definition
| high heart rate, greater than 100 in adults |
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Term
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Definition
| low heart rate, less than 60 in adults |
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Term
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Definition
| Decrease in strength of pulse during inhalation and increases during exhalation |
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Term
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Definition
| Pallor (paleness), cyanosis (blue-gray), flushing (red), jaundice (yellow), mottling (blotchy cyanosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 seconds for infants, children, and adult males; 3 seconds for females; and 4 seconds for eldery |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pupils Equal Round Reactive to Light |
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Term
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Definition
| adult male 100 + age; adult female 90 + age; child 80 + age x2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries during the contraction and ejection of blood from the left ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of pressure exerted on the artery walls while the left ventricle is at rest and not contracting |
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Term
| orthostatic vital signs test |
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Definition
| Taking B.P. and H.R. in supine position, followed 2 minutes later in standing (or sitting position); an increase in HR or decrease in BP of 10-20 could indicate a loss of fluid volume; also known as tilt test |
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Term
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Definition
| Signs and symptoms (OPQRST), Allergies, Medications, Pertinent past history, Last oral intake, Events leading to current injury/illness |
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Term
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Definition
| Onset, Provocation, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time |
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Term
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Definition
| A moist, or a cool and moist, condition; a skin condition often characteristic of shock |
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Term
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Definition
| Listening for sounds within the body with a stethoscope |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal anterior convexity of spine; swayback |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal curvature of the spine with convexity backward; slouch/hunchback |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient move that should be performed when there is immediate danger to the patient or rescuer |
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Term
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Definition
| No more than 15 seconds in an adult and 5 seconds in infants/children |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessively rapid breathing rate |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormally slow breathing rate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanism by which healthy people breathe; breathing is increased when chemoreceptors sense low carbon dioxide levels in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanism by which COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) patients breathe; breathing is increased when chemoreceptors sense high oxygen levels in the blood |
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Term
| upper airway, parts of (superior to inferior) |
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Definition
| nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, cricoid cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| Inadequate amount of oxygen being delivered to the cells; many causes including shock, inadequate breathing, occluded airway, drug overdose, stroke, inhalation of toxic gases, lung and airway diseases |
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Term
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Definition
| Shock; The insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients to some of the body's cells that result from inadequate circulation of the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Full or partial removal of a person's larynx |
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Term
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Definition
| A surgical opening into the trachea in which a tube is inserted for the patient to breathe through |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanism of Injury for trauma patient |
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Term
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Definition
| Nature of Illness for medical patient |
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Term
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Definition
| An anticipation that certain types of accidents and mechanisms will produce specific types of injuries |
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Term
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Definition
| injured or ill; airway, breathing, circulation; life-threats; transport decision |
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Term
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Definition
| Eye Opening (1-4), Verbal Response (1-5), Motor Response (1-6) |
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Term
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Definition
| Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures/Penetrations, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, Swelling |
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Term
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Definition
| Pulses, Motor Function, Sensation |
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Term
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Definition
| Alert, Verbal stimulus, Painful stimulus, Unresponsive |
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Term
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Definition
| Shortness of breath while laying flat |
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Term
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Definition
| Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Complete respiratory arrest |
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Term
| stages of respiratory problems |
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Definition
| Distress, failure, arrest |
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Term
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Definition
| Ventricular tachycardia; very fast heart rhythm that is generated in the ventricle instead of the SA node and easily degenerates into V-Fib |
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Term
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Definition
| Ventricular fibrillation; disorganized cardiac rhythm that produces no pulse or cardiac output |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic Occlusive Pulmonary Disorder |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Early access, early CPR, early defibrillation, early advanced care |
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Term
| hyperglycemia, conditions of |
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Definition
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonkeotic Syndrome (HHNS) |
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Term
| hypoglycemia, conditions of |
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Definition
| Insulin shock caused by epinephrine release |
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Term
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Definition
| Diabetic ketoacidosis; occurs more commonly in Type I diabetics |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin test used to determine dehydration; skin on back of hand is lifted and if doesn't quickly return to normal patient is dehydrated |
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Term
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Definition
| A pattern of very deep and rapid breathing that is commonly seen in a patient with DKA in an attempt to rid the body of carbon dioxide which is acidic |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketoic syndrome; more often seen in Type II diabetics because they have some insulin allowing some glucose into the cells and preventing production of ketones |
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Term
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Definition
| Transient ischemic attack; signs and symptoms similar to a stroke but usually disappear with 10-15 minutes |
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Term
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Definition
| Stroke caused to an inadequate amount of blood being delivered to a portion of the brain caused by a blood clot obstructing a blood vessel in the brain; thrombotic (from a clot in cerebral artery) and embolic (from material carried to cerebral circulation from another area of the body) |
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Term
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Definition
| Stroke caused by a ruptured vessel in the brain that allows blood to leak and collect in or around brain tissue |
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Term
| Cincinnati prehospital stroke scale categories |
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Definition
| Facial droop, arm drift, abnormal speech |
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Term
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Definition
| A sudden disruption in blood flow to the brain that results in brain cell damage |
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Term
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Definition
| A sudden and temporary alteration in the mental status caused by massive electrical discharge in a group of nerve cells in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| Aura, loss of consciousness, tonic phase (muscle rigidity), hypertonic phase, clonic phase (convulsion), postictal state (recovery) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures |
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Term
| generalized tonic-clonic seizure |
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Definition
| The most common type of epileptic seizure that produces unresponsiveness and convulsion; grand mal seizure |
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Term
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Definition
| A seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes or seizures that occur consecutively without a period of responsiveness between them |
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Term
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Definition
| Grand mal, simple partial, complex partial, petit mal, febrile |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A misdirected and excessive response by the immune system to a foreign substance or an allergen |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that search for the antigen, combine with it, and help to destroy it |
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Term
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Definition
| A severe allergic reaction that produces respiratory distress and shock |
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Term
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Definition
| A shock state that results from dilated and leaking blood vessels related to severe allergic reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| The primary chemical mediator released from the MAST cells in an allergic reaction causing bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and increased capillary permeability |
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Term
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Definition
| A reaction to a foreign substance that resembles an anaphylactic reaction but that may occur on first exposure to the substance, without immune-system sensitization, when the substance itself causes release of histamine |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which antibodies are produced and attached to MAST cells after exposure to an antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| Ingestion, inhalation, injection, absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that neutralizes the effects of a poison or a toxic substance |
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Term
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Definition
| A distilled charcoal in powder form that can absorb many times its weight in contaminants; often administered to patients who have ingested poison to adsorb the poison and help prevent its absorption by the body |
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Term
| 5 categories of commonly abused drugs |
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Definition
| CNS depressants, CNS stimulants, hallucinogens, narcotics, volatile inhalants |
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Term
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Definition
| A test for the presence of peritonitis in which the patient stands on his toes with knees straight and then drops to his heels, or in which the heels of a supine patient are raised and then struck together or struck on the bottom. The jarring of the torso will elicit pain when the peritoneal linings are inflamed |
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Term
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Definition
| Radiation, convection, conduction, evaporation, respiration |
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Term
| rewarming, active vs. passive |
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Definition
| Ways to rewarm hypothermia patients |
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Term
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Definition
| Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke |
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Term
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Definition
| Dilation, expulsion, placental |
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Term
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Definition
| Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration; done a 1-min and 5; scale is 0-2 per category |
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Term
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Definition
| A greenish or brownish-yellow staining of the amniotic fluid caused by the fetal bowel movement resulting from distress |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of time shown to have the best chance of success from time of injury to surgical intervention for a trauma patient |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of time during the golden hour the EMS team should devote to on-scene activities |
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Term
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Definition
| A cavity formed by the pressure wave resulting from the kinetic energy of a bullet traveling through body tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| arterial (bright red and spurting), venous (dark red and flows steadily), capillary (dark red and oozes) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Compensatory, decompensated/progressive, irreversible |
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Term
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Definition
| hypovolemic, obstructive, distributive (neurogenic/vasogenic, anaphylactic, septic), cardiogenic |
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Term
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Definition
| superficial, partial thickness, full thickness |
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Term
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Definition
| standardized method for calculating burn percentage; arms 9%, leg 18%, head 9%, chest 9%, back 9% |
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Term
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Definition
| method for calculating burn percentage; palm of patient's hand is 1% |
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Term
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Definition
| flame burn, contact burn, scald, steam burn, gas burn, electrical burn, flash burn |
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Term
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Definition
| A prickling of tingling feeling that indicates some loss of sensation |
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Term
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Definition
| The sound of feel of broken fragments of bone grinding against each other |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which increased tissue pressure in a confined space causes decreased blood flow, leading to hypoxia and possible muscle, nerve, and vessel impairment, which may be permanent if the cells die |
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Term
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Definition
| Same or similar reaction of the unstimulated pupil when the other pupil is stimulated, as when a light is shined into one pupil and both pupils contract |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to remember circumstances prior to an incident |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to remember circumstances after an incident |
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Term
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Definition
| Air in the chest cavity, outside the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which the build-up of air and pressure in the thoracic cavity of the injured lung is so severe that it begins to shift to the uninjured side, resulting in compression of the heart, large vessels, and the uninjured lung |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more adjacent ribs that are fractured in two or more places and thus move independently from the rest of the rib cage |
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Term
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Definition
| A section of the chest that moves in the opposite direction to the rest of the chest during the phases of respiration. Typically seen with a flail segment |
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Term
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Definition
| Coughing up blood or blood-stained sputum |
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Term
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Definition
| The standardized incident management concept that has become the standard for on scene management of disasters and MCIs; incident commander, staging unit, transport unit, treatment unit, triage unit |
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Term
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Definition
| A technique using manual stabilization rather than application of an immobilization device for the purpose of speeding extrication when the time saved will make the difference between life and death |
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Term
| Cheyne-Stokes respirations |
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Definition
| Abnormal breathing characterized by alternating periods of shallow and deep breathing |
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