Term
| People write on clay tablets that were portable and durable records of transactions and observations |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In the middle of the 15th centruy (1400s) _______________ ______________ developed the ___________ _________. |
|
Definition
| Johannes Guttenburg - the printing press |
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Term
| in 1835 __________ __ __ __________ developed the _____________ - a system using electricity to allow people to send messages over long distances almost instanteously. |
|
Definition
| Samuel F. B. Morse - telegraph |
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Term
| Samuel F. B. Morse developed what way of communication: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the first Morse Code Message and when was it transmitted: |
|
Definition
"What hath God Wrought" in 1844
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Term
| What did the transcontinental line do? |
|
Definition
| allowed for messages to be sent and received across the U.S. |
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Term
| in 1876, _______________ _____________ __________ invented the ___________. |
|
Definition
| Alexander Graham Bell - telephone |
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Term
| Who was the first person Alexander Graham Bell called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| _____-__-_____ model of communicating is known as mass communication. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 1690 - first newspaper was called: |
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Definition
| Publick Occurcents, Both Foreign and Domestic |
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Term
| How often was the first newspaper distributed? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 1833 in New York - the ____ _______ ____ esetablished itself as a daily newspaper. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How much did they sell the New York Sun for? |
|
Definition
| $.01 - known as the Penny Press |
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Term
| 1895 - ___________ _____________ developed ___________ ___________, similar to Morse's telegraph but with NO WIRES. |
|
Definition
| Gugilelmo Marconi - radio telegraphy |
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Term
| Marconi's radio telegrpahy showed that... |
|
Definition
| radio waves could be sent and received over long distances by sending a signal across the English Channel. |
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Term
| What did Marconi send through Radio Telegraphy |
|
Definition
| morse code - no human voice |
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Term
| What signaled the beginning of broadcasting? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When did music start playing on the radio? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the only form of instantaneous electronic medium for over 30 years? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What delevoped most of the programming formats, enjoyed financial success, and was a mainstay in American Culture? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When did Television Broadcasting take off? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What networks claimed almost 90% of the national prime-time viewing audiences? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NBC, CBS, and ABC claimed almost ___% of the national prime time viewing audiences between 1946 and 1980. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What has defied previous models of electronic media since the 90s? |
|
Definition
| the internet - the network of all networks. |
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|
Term
Each medium can be differentiated by different characteristics:
|
|
Definition
| audience, time, display, distribution, distance, and storage |
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Term
|
Definition
| a delay between when the message is sent and received. |
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Term
| a delay between when the message is sent and received... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no perceptible delay between the time the message goes out and the time it is received |
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Term
| No perceptibel delay between the time the message goes out and the time it is received: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| feed back is or is not true interactivity? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the technological means used to present information |
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Term
|
Definition
| the method used to carry information to receivers |
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Term
|
Definition
| information, knowledge, to gain insights. |
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Term
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Definition
influence our attitudes
make the audience more sensitive to the idea
cause our mood to change |
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Term
|
Definition
persuade us to change our behavior
induce us to action |
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Term
| In the late _____'s, people gathered around a ____ in the living room to listen to popular network programs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| because of _________, _________ narrowed its focus to attract specialized audiences. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when was the Transistor Radio developed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| merging of communications and information capabilites over an integrated electronic network/refers to the blurring of the boundaries between th different types of electronic communication media. |
|
|
Term
| merging communications and information capabilites over an integrated electronic network/refers to the blurring of the boundaries between the different types of electronic communication media: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Internet Service Provider |
|
|
Term
radio delivers _______
TV delivers ___________ & __________
text delivers ______ & ________
internet delivers ___. |
|
Definition
| audio, audio & visual, text & graphic, all |
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Term
|
Definition
| Recording Industry Association of America |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ _______ started WTBS Superstation and CNN |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| _____________ of mass media content is propably the most revolutionary innovation since the printing press. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Federal Communications Commission |
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Term
|
Definition
| controls electronic media and controls the use of portions of the electromagnetic spectrum |
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|
Term
| Digital Terrestrial Radio is: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| television sents, telephones, computers |
|
|
Term
| the ___________ ______ of 1996 relaxed most of the limis on media ownership. |
|
Definition
| Telecommunications act of 1996 |
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|
Term
| The Telecommunications Act of 1996 relaxed most of the : |
|
Definition
| limits on media ownership |
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|
Term
| with profit margins at __% to __%, independent broadcasters were thriving in the 90s. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do electronic media actually influence us? |
|
Definition
| Speech, Customs, and Traditions, styles, sense of ethics and justice, perfceptions, and lifestyles |
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|
Term
| Tranditional Mass media share characteristics such as: |
|
Definition
| audience, time, display, distribution, distance, and storage |
|
|
Term
| electronic media are NOT constrained by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cognitive, emotiona, and behavioral effects on the audience, influencing and chaning people's lives. |
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|
Term
| the process of ______________ has simplified the format through which information is transmitted. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ involves fewer companies owning more electronic media stations and businesses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the speed at which the signal traveled through the wires was the same as the speed of _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the speed of light? |
|
Definition
| more than 186,000 miles per second. |
|
|
Term
| as early as 1864, a scottish pshycist, predicted that signals containing information similar to that of the telegraph could be carried through space without the use of wires. In 1873, he published a paer that described radiant waves that were invisible. These waves became later known as RADIO WAVES. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| James Clark Maxwell is credited for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A physicist from Germany used Maxwell's theory to develop a detector of radiated waves in 1886. He set up a device that generated high voltage sparks between two metal balls. A short distance away, he placed two smaller electrodes. When the large electric spark jumped across the gap between the two larger balls, he could see that a smaller spark appeared at the second of the metal balls. It was proof that electromagnetic energy had traveled through the air causing a second spark. HE NEVER PERSUED THE IDEA of using the waves to transmit information but his work is considered crucial to the use of electromagnetic waves for communication. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| first person to successfully transmit the human voice using radio waves. Although he used ground conduction rather than transmitting through the air, in 1892 he supposed communicated the words "Hello Rainey" to his assitant during an experiment at Murray, Kentucky. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transmitted the human voice through ground conducted radio waves. |
|
|
Term
| canadian electrical engineer, and an engineer from GE, conducted a high speed alternator to carry voice signals. On Christmas Eve 1906 he transmitted voice signal from his home to ships at sea along the east coast of the US. This was believed to be the first publicly received radio broadcast using modulated continuous electromagnetic wves carrying sound wave patterns instead of morse code. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first publicly received radio broadcast - christmas music on christmas eve to ships along the east coast of the US |
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|
Term
| developed a radio wave detector in a sealed glass tube that came to be knwon as a FLEMING VALVE or DIODE TUBE. This device was able to detect radio signals that contained human voice but did NOT amplify it. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fleming valve - detected radio signal that contained human voice but did not amplify it. |
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|
Term
| Wireless Ship Act of 1910 |
|
Definition
| required a ship of over 50 people to carry a radio that could reach another radio 100 miles away. |
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|
Term
| when did the Titanic sink? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a term later coined as the mass transmission to the general public. It actually is an agricultural term that describes planting seeds by "broadcasting" - casting them in all directions using a circular hand motion, rather than planting them in rows. |
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|
Term
| a term later coined as the mass transmission to the general public. It actually is an agricultural term that describes planting seeds by "broadcasting" - casting them in all directions using a circular hand motion, rather than planting them in rows. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
World War I, the US federal government used _____ to help communicate within its armed forces and among the armed forces of its allies.
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|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Radio Corporation of America |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| october 1919 and began running radio stations that were formerly owned by American Marconi |
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|
Term
| From 1919-1921, __, ___, ___________, ____, signed agreements to pool their patents leading to a consortium of companies that would move broadcasting to the next level. |
|
Definition
| GE, RCA, Westinghouse, AT&T |
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|
Term
| It was __. ________ _______'s broadcasts on station 8XK in 1916 which became KDKA in 1920 that really began the broadcasting era. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
______ became the first licensed station in the US.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the government redesigned the use of the electromagnetic spectrum, providing 107 channels for radio stations to use. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Radio Act of 1907 assisted in forming the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the first national law to extend to the creative community the same ownership protection offered to inventors, engineers, and scientists of their intellectual product.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in 1914, the ______________________________ was established to collect _____ _____ on behalf of the composers and authors of songs and other owners of copywritten material. |
|
Definition
American society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers; Royalty Fees
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|
Term
| 1924 congress passed a bill that stated the airwaves belonged to the ________ not the stations or networks. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NBC was formed by combining: |
|
Definition
| GE, RCA, and Westinghouse |
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|
Term
| ___ bought AT&T owned WEAF, and the programming repsonsibility of its chain, which essentially took AT&T out of the programming and ownership business and practically elimited the programming competition. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| radio stations must operate in the: |
|
Definition
| Public interest, convenience, and necessity. |
|
|
Term
| in 1928, the US had 3 nationally operating networks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one of the most famous of its shared radio shows on the Mutual Broadcasting System: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As _____ grew, _________ declined |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 newscasts per day: one before 9:30 and one after 9 pm
commentary and soft news rather than hard news reporting
use fo the pres-radio bureau which would supply the network stations with news through subscriptions
no radio news gathering operations
no sponsorship of shows
a required statement at the end of each newscast "you can read more about it in your local newspaper". |
|
|
Term
2 newscasts per day: one before 9:30 and one after 9 pm
commentary and soft news rather than hard news reporting
use fo the pres-radio bureau which would supply the network stations with news through subscriptions
no radio news gathering operations
no sponsorship of shows
a required statement at the end of each newscast "you can read more about it in your local newspaper". |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long did the Biltmore agreement last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
World War II - after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the radio networks interrupted their broadcast to make the announcement and the next day, President _______ gave a speech that was heard by __ million people.
"A day that will live in infamy" |
|
Definition
| Roosevelt - 62 million people |
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|
Term
| During World War II, the building of new radio stations __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shows being broadcast on both radio and televsion |
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|
Term
| shows being broadcast on both radio and television |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people who play music, announce song titles and artists, and read weather or brief news reports. |
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|
Term
| people who play music, announce song titles and artists, and read weather or brief news reports. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stations were categorized into: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disc jockey's taking bribes to influence audiences |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| signals that band from 540 KHz to 1700 KHz |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1933-1935: invented FM radio, eliminated static and improvd fidelity of the radio signal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FM band was later reassigned to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1950s - FM stations started to go off air for _____ __ _______ _________. |
|
Definition
| lack of financial support |
|
|
Term
| inexpensive receivers from ________ and _______ became readily availabl and youth started to notice superior sound quality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1960s- congress passed legislation to require that all cars have an ____ _______ in them but not an _____ because of the decline. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FM grew steadily in the late: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FM revenue grew from ________ - _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1978 - FM surpassed AM For the first time and commanded almost ____% of the national audience. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| limited ownership to 7AM, 7FM, and 7TV stations. |
|
|
Term
| FCC prevented broadcast ownership groups from _____________________. |
|
Definition
| owning large numbers of stations |
|
|
Term
| telecommunications act of 1996 ownership restrictions in radio were _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forcing companies to spend more on promoting the services in order to attract addition new subscribers. |
|
|
Term
forcing companies to spend more on promoting the services in order to attract addition new subscribers.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| experiments in TV began in the _____ but commercial television began in the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FCC put a freeze on the applications for stations for TV - led to _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mechanical scanning camp
electrical scanning camp |
|
|
Term
| developed mechanical scanning in 1884 in Germany |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1926 - developed a workable system to send live television images to England. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what network adopted Logie's system and began broadcasting in 1936? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Baird's system used on how many lines of information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| until 2009, National TV Standards Committee used ___ lines and now digital use up to _____ lines per frame. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| westinghouse researcher invented electrical scanning in 1923 with an electrical television scanning system - making better picture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
westinghouse researcher invented electrical scanning in 1923 with an electrical television scanning system - making better picture
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Camera tube was a photosensitive device that turned light into electrical energy |
|
|
Term
| what else is Zworykin credited for? |
|
Definition
| kinescope which was a cathode ray tube (receiver) |
|
|
Term
| 1922- inventor who designed a system for electronic tv and in the early 1930s accumulated a number of TV system patents that made improvements to the system developed by the RCA group. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1922- inventor who designed a system for electronic tv and in the early 1930s accumulated a number of TV system patents that made improvements to the system developed by the RCA group.
|
|
|
Term
| Farnsworth convinced RCA to do what to his patents? giving him what? |
|
Definition
| License his patents to give him full control over his inventions and substantial earings to royalties from RCA |
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|
Term
| Leaders in TV technology in the 30s were: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1939 - a _____ line picture ahd been developed and the station was tansmitting on a regular schedule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TV made its debut in ___ at the New York World Fair introduced by _____ _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first presidential TV address was given by: |
|
Definition
| President Franklin D. Roosevelt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which companies were encouraged to join the TV industry by the FCC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the sixth report and order: |
|
Definition
| the fcc's master plan for the allotment of stations to channels and markets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Community Antenna TV or modern day cable tv |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ does not travel as far as ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1962 - all channel receiver act: |
|
Definition
| amending communications act of 1934 mandating that all TV sets manufactured in 1964 and beyond must be able to easily tune both VHF and UHF stations |
|
|
Term
| 1950s - black and white tv except |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fcc was concerned because _____ took up more space on the spectrum space for TV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 competing systems emerged that both fit into the existing 6MHz of channel space allotted for each TV station. The ____ system used a __________ __________ __________ that transmitted a color signal, however it was not compatible with existing black and white tv sets at the time. _________ developed a system that accomplished color TV ____________ rather than _____________. FCC supported _______. |
|
Definition
CBS and Mechanical Color Wheel
RCA and electronically rather than mechanically
fcc supported CBS |
|
|
Term
| When was the Korean and why and how did it effect color tv? |
|
Definition
| 1951 and it made Color tv less important |
|
|
Term
| 1953 - FCC changed its mind on the color tv issue. They decided to go with _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Never Twice the Same Color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the financial power that the networks had accumulated from radio was used to: |
|
Definition
| bankroll the new medium of TV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CBS and NBC had more than ___ of all the stations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ABC formed in 1943 but was always a distant ___ in number stations and audience size |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ABC merged with ______ _______ _______ in 1951 to receive cash infusion and stay in business |
|
Definition
| United Paramount Theaters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Independent stations were either forced to _________ their own or ____ programming material from independent producers or syndicators |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Networks had __________ from __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in television markets that had 3 stations or less there were: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| local station provides its airtime known as __________ and its audiences to the network and the network provides a dependable schedule of high quality shows to the local affiliate for most of the broadcast day. In addition, is paid for its airtime. This practice know as ______ _________, is based on the size of the demographic makeup of the audice delivered by the station to the network, its advertisers, and the competition for the stations affiliation |
|
Definition
| clearance: station compensation |
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|
Term
| 1950s television was severely restricted by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most shows had to be produced: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ was not invented until 1956 - very expensive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1948-1957 networks began looking for ways to persuade people to buy their first: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most programming came from: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Programming was influenced by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Original TV plays were aired on programs called ______________ that shows different plays each week |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the early 1950s, a small group of former FBI agents published a newsletter called ______________ - based on the general attitude of communism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another publication described the communist influence in broadcasting and named 151 people in the industry who supposed had communist ties |
|
Definition
| Red Chanels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and TV |
|
|
Term
| new employees were expected to take a _________ ______ before working |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| People who were suspected of communist activities were expected to: |
|
Definition
| confess and name their associates |
|
|
Term
| Joseph McCarthy, senator from Wisconsin: |
|
Definition
| used the fear of communism to make a political gain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1961 - FCC chairman Newton Minow stated at the NAB convention that TV programming was a "______ _______" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Commission of Casuses and Effects of Violence in 1969 |
|
Definition
| senate asked the US Surgeon General to investigate the relationship between tv and violent behaivor; can lead to violent behavior but not the cause |
|
|
Term
| National Education Television |
|
Definition
| network became known as bicycle network; didn't allow stations in different locations to air the same program at the same time. |
|
|
Term
| Corporation for Public Broadcasting |
|
Definition
| formed in 1968 to support both the prodcuers who created programs and the stations that aired them. However, CPB was not allowed to own or operate any stations. |
|
|
Term
| PBS went on air in 1969 with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| involved developing engineering and technology and in marketing video products (i.e. videotapes of programs) to the public. Also, administered the adult learning service which provided televised educational courses for credit up to 450000 students each year. This services was discounted in 2005. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who appoints the leaders of the CPB |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HBO is transmitted through what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prime time access rule
prevented network affiliates in top 50 markets from programming more than 3 hours of network shows in prime time 7-11 pm easter and 6-10 central and mountain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| financial interest syndication rule - allowed both independent producers and syndicators to reap bigger financial rewards from successful television programs |
|
|
Term
| Cable tv and affordable sets became accessable in the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1984 - FCC upped ownership from 7 - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electronic News Gathering |
|
|
Term
| 1985 GE bought ____________ who is the parent company of ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Capital Cities Communications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Direct Broadcast Satelites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| retransmitting device - avoids interferance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in oregon 1948, who placed an antenna on top of their hotel to receive signal of a seattle station? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the other cable entrepenuer to first conceptualize CATV as a local business and used modified equipment purchased from Milton Shapp owner of Jerrold Electronics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cable systems were required by the FCC to arry signals from all "significantly viewed" stations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cable systmes were required to carry signals from the big three networks known as the ____________ rule. |
|
Definition
| ABC, CBS, and NBC as the Anti-Leapfrogging rule |
|
|
Term
| prevented cable systems from showing a syndicated program from a distant station if a local station in the market was airing the same program |
|
Definition
| nonduplication or syndicated exclusively rules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what signals that system carried |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First company to deliver nonbroadcast original programming via satelite |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Established a Copyright Royalty Tribunal to enforce the fees charged to cable companies for the use of imported television signals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the means by which a community gave permission to a company to begin to serve its residents appointed by the city
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Request for proposals: weigh the merits of the proposals submitted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multiple System Operators |
|
|
Term
| Cable Protection Consumer Protection Act of 1992 |
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Definition
| mandated that the FCC had the power and the need to control rates for basic cable subscriptions and set down what broadcast signals cable systems could or should carry |
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Definition
Geosynchronus
Middle Earth orbiters
Low-orbit |
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Definition
| 22300 miles above earth's equator |
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| beneath 22300 but over 1000 miles above earth |
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Definition
| non station and travel from 100-1000 miles above the Earth |
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Definition
| Satelite Master Antenna TV - also known as private cable |
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Term
| commonly used by apartment buildings and housing complexes, large hotels, resorts, and hospitals |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
provided programming to stations
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Definition
| electronic transcriptions or recordings |
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Term
| XM formed with the help of: |
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Definition
investors from Automobile manufacturers
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Term
| XM's only competitor entered the market in 2001 |
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Definition
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Term
| Satelite radio has or has not become a major competitor to local broadcast radio? |
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Definition
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Term
| people are dependent on ______________to_____________ electronics |
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Definition
| point to point :i.e. cell phones |
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Term
| 1984 : commercial cell phones called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| compressed, which allows for more space to be sent out |
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Term
| when digital signal is compressed it is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| cable is still a __________ business |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a fee paid by the cable company to replay a program. |
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