Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| formed by the union of oocyte and sperm |
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Term
| When is the gestational age? |
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Definition
| the first day of the last normal menstrual period |
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Term
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Definition
| mitotic divisions of the cells of the zygote |
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Term
| When is the morula formed? |
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Definition
| 3-4 days after fertilization |
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Term
| How many blastomeres are in a morula? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when the morula forms an inner cell mass and trophoblast (with a blastocyst cavity) |
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Term
| When does implantation occur? |
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Definition
| when the blastocyst attaches to and ultimately penetrates the endometrium of the uterus |
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Term
| What does the gastrula consist of? |
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Definition
| endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm |
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Term
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Definition
| When the nervous system first appears as the neural tube develops from the neural plate |
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Term
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Definition
| fertilization to the 8th week |
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Term
| What age is it considered a fetus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do insults during the embryonic period cause? |
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Definition
| single or multiple anomalies |
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Term
| During blastogenesis what do abnormalities cause? |
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Definition
| early structures or entire embryonic structure |
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Term
| What do insults in pre-embryonic period cause? |
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Definition
| multiple anomalies or early abortion |
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Term
| Abnormalites occuring during organogenesis can cause? |
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Definition
| specific organ malformation or single major anomalies |
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Term
| What do abnormalites during fetal development produce? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| period of formation and development of gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| event that occurs in which spermatogonia develop into mature sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| oogonia develop into mature oocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| process where eukaryotic cell separates chromosomes in its nucleus into two identical sets in two daughter nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
| divides the nuclei, cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two daughter cells |
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Term
| When does pairing, synapsis and recombination occur? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stage where individual chromosomes begin to condense into long strands |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes line up with each other into homologous chromosomes (bivalent) |
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Term
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Definition
| where crossing over occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| stage where the synaptonemal complex degrades and homologous chromosomes separate from one another |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes condense and separate such that four tetrads are visible |
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Term
| What happens during week one of development in embryogenisis? |
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Definition
| development of gametes, fertilization, cleavage, blastocyst formation, and initial stages of implantation |
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Term
| What does Gonadotropin-releasing hormone? |
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Definition
| controls the female reproductive cycle |
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Term
| What does follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) do? |
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Definition
| stimulates growth of ovarian follicles |
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Term
| What does luteinizing hormone stimulate? |
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Definition
| the expelling of the oocyte into the uterine tube |
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Term
| What does the corpus luteum supposed to secrete? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pregnancy is maintained by what? |
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Definition
| HCG produced by syncytiotrophoblast |
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Term
| What does the corpus luteum become without fertilization? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes bleeding during the menstral cycle? |
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Definition
| shedding of the endometrium |
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Term
| How long does the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle last? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stimulates the thickening of the endometrium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three stages of the menstrual cycle? |
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Definition
| menstrual, proliferating, and secretory phases |
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Term
| What happens in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle? |
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Definition
| blood vessels grow and glands secrete glycogen-rich substances (sticky) |
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Term
| What stage do the oogonia stay preserved in children? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stage does an oocyte arrest in after puberty? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many oocytes become mature and are expelled at ovulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the syncytiotrophoblast produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| If pregnancy occurs when does the menstrual cycle start back up? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of gamete is found in the testes before birth? |
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Definition
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Term
| At puberty, what do spermatogonia differentiate into? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does type B spermatogonia come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| After DNA duplication what does type B spermatogonia become? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do secondary spermatocytes come from? |
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Definition
| meiosis I division of primary spermatocytes |
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Term
| Where do spermatids come from? |
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Definition
| meiosis division of primary spermatocytes (completing meiosis from secondary spermatocytes) |
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Term
| What do spermatozoa come from? |
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Definition
| differentiation of spermatids during spermatogenesis |
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Term
| Where does spermatogenesis occur? |
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Definition
| seminiferous tubules of the testes |
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Term
| Where does maturation of sperm occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the average percentage of sperm that are abnormal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the maturation of sperm called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in spermiogenesis? |
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Definition
| spermatids mature into motile spermatozoa |
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Term
| How fast does a sperms flagella move? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the secondary oocytes expelled into the uterine tube? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| conditioning of the spermatozoa lasting 7 hours; necessary for the acromosomal reaction |
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Term
| What is the haploid pronucleus resulting from? |
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Definition
| fertilization causing completion of meiosis II |
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Term
| What does fusion of the two haploid pronuclei initiate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the zona pellucida? |
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Definition
| membrane around oocyte, the sperm must penetrate |
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Term
| What does sperm release to penetrate the oocyte corona radiata? |
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Definition
| acrosomal hyaluronidase, and secretes oviduct enzymes |
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Term
| What does the sperm do to penetrate the zona pellucida? |
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Definition
| binds to ZP3 receptors and secretes acrosin |
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