Term
| Where does fertilization likely occur? How long after ovulation? |
|
Definition
In the ampulla of the uterine tube
12-24 hours after ovulation |
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|
Term
| these are the cells that are ovuulated with the oogyte |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 steps required for sperm to fertilize the egg |
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Definition
1) capacitation (conditioning in female reproductive tract) removes glycoprotein coat allowing sperm to pass through corona cells
2) Acrosome Reaction (release of enzymes needed to penetrate the zona pellucida |
|
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Term
| this protein helps sperm bind to zona pellucida |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 3 Phases of fertilization |
|
Definition
1) capacitated sperm bind to and penetrate corona radia
2) 1 or more sperm penetrates zona pellcida
3) 1 sperm penetrates oocyte membane leading to fusion of sperm and oocyte cell membranes |
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Term
| what happens when the first sperm gets through the oocyte membrane? |
|
Definition
contact least to release of lysosomal enzymes from cortical granules lining oocyte plasma membrane
oocyte membrane becomes impenetrable to other sperm
zona pellucida properties are altered to prevent further binding and penetration by sperm |
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Term
| How many primary oocyte daughter cells become mature gamate? What do the others become? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| After fertilization, how long before the cell devides once, twice? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| why do embryos become compacted? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Once cells have formed the morula, what are the inner cells and outer cells called? |
|
Definition
inner: embryo proper or embryoblast
outer: trophoblast |
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|
Term
| How many days after fertilization do morula cells enter the uterine cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid penetrates into intercellular spaces creating a blastocele (or blastocyst) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trophoblast @ embryonic pole inserts iteself into uterine mucosa |
|
|
Term
| when does the zona pellicula disappear? |
|
Definition
| blastocyst stage (4.5-5 days) |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the follicle after it releases the egg? |
|
Definition
| turns into the corpus luteum and begins to secrete progesterone |
|
|
Term
| what causes the endometrium to thicken ? |
|
Definition
| progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum |
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Term
|
Definition
trophoblast is now 2 layyers (cytotrophoblast single layer of stem cells and syncytiotrophoblast multinucleated area, in the endometrium)
embryo also splits into 2 layers, epiblast (top) with columnar cells lining the amnionic cavity and hypoblast (bottom) cubiodal cells adjacent to blastocyst cavity |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of unterine glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what makes a postive pregnancy test? |
|
Definition
Human chorioning gonadotropin
HCG, emitted by syncytiotrophoblast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
syncitiotrophoblastic lacunae form
blastocyst cavity is transformed into exocoelomic cavity (primitve yolk sac) |
|
|
Term
| what lines the primitive yolk sac? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
maternal blood fills synctiotrophoblast lacunae
chorionic cavity develops right outside the exocoelomic cavity, lined by 2 layers of extraembryonic mesoderm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2ndary yolk sac forms outside primitive yolk sac
primitive yolk sac pinches off becoming exocoelomic cyst
trophoblast forms placental villi, mesoderm protrudes into villi (which eventually becomes blood vessels)
bleeding occurs at implantation site |
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|
Term
| define ectopic pregnancy, Where do most occur? |
|
Definition
| implantation that occurs outside of the uterus. In the fallopian tube |
|
|
Term
| where do abdominal pregnancies typically occur? |
|
Definition
| in the rectouturine pouch in the peritonieum between the uterus and rectum |
|
|
Term
| how many cells do morula have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does zona pellucida last? Why does it leave? |
|
Definition
| late moreula stage, so implantation can occur |
|
|
Term
| what does progesterone do? |
|
Definition
| causes the glands to thicken in order for implantation to occur |
|
|
Term
| which part of the trophoblast is multinucleated? Which isnt? |
|
Definition
syncytiotrophoblast
cytotrophoblast |
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