Term
|
Definition
| transports blood rich O2 and nutrients from placneta to fetal body. enters body through umbilical ring and travels along the anterior abdominal wall to liver. 1/2 to liver. 1/2 ductus venosus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| travels short distance and joins inferior vena cava. oxygenated blood from placenta mixes with deoxygenated blood from lower parts of body. |
|
|
Term
| Inverior Vena Cava Pathway |
|
Definition
| enters right atrium, large proportion of it is shunted directly into the left atrium through an opening called foramen ovale |
|
|
Term
| Superior Vena Cava "pathway" |
|
Definition
| passes into the right venricle and out through the pulmonary trunk. 10% blood enters this circuit. Lungs are collapsed and vessels have high resistance. enouch reaches lung tissue to sustain them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most bypasses lungs by entering ductus arteriosus connecting pulmonary trunk to descendingi portion of aortic arch. this allows low O2 concentration blood to bypass the lungs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oxygenated blood enters left atrium through foramen ovale with small amount of deoxygenated blood returning from pulmonary veins. moves to left ventricle and pumped into aorta. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oxygenated blood can enter the myocardium through these. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some oxygenated blood can enter the myocardium through this. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| partially oxygenated and partially deoxygenated. some is carried to branches of aorta to various regions of body. rest passes to umbilical arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branch from internal iliac arteries and lead to placenta where they can be reoxygenated. |
|
|
Term
| Inflation lungs on circulatory system |
|
Definition
| this reduces the resistance to blood flow through the lungs resultingin increased blood flow from the pulmonary arteries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased left atrial pressure and decreased right atrial pressure forces blood against the septum primum causing foramen ovale to close. resulting in separation of heart into two pumps. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what remains of the closed foramen ovale. |
|
|
Term
| Ductus Arteriosis closure |
|
Definition
| closed off within 1-2 days of birth and replaced by connective tissue known as ligamentum arteriosum. |
|
|
Term
| Failure of Ductus Arteriosus to close |
|
Definition
| is said to be patent. Results in marked elevation of pulmonary pressure because blood from aorta through ductus arteriosus to pulmonary arteries. can lead to irreversible degenerative changes in heart and lungs. |
|
|
Term
| Umbilical vein deactivation |
|
Definition
| becomes the round ligament of the liver when blood supply is cut off. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| becomes the ligamentum venosum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brachiocephalic artery(right) and part of ascending aorta, large parts of common carotid arteries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of maxillary artery and external carotid arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of hyoid and stapedial arteries, part of external carotids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of common carotids and first parat of internal carotid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small proximal part of the right subclavian artery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small part of arch of the aorta just proximal to the left subclavian artery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proximal part of right pu.monary artery |
|
|
Term
| 6th aortic arch (L=ductus) |
|
Definition
| proximal left pulmonary artery and ligamentum arteriosum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of right subclavian, descending aorta below left subclavian unpaired ventral arteries: celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteries. |
|
|
Term
| Paired Dorsal Segmental Arteries |
|
Definition
| intercostal arteries and vertebral arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| internal iliac, superior vesical arteries, medial umbilical ligaments. |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Cardinal Vein(R) |
|
Definition
| part of azygos vein and common iliac veins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior mesenteric Vein and IVC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| internal jugular veins (left brachiocephalic veins is an anastomosis) |
|
|
Term
| Anterior Cardinal Vein (R) |
|
Definition
| part of SVC and right brachiocephalic vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral part of coronary sinus and oblique vein of left atrium |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Cardinal Vein (R) |
|
Definition
| part of azygos vein and common iliac veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hemiazygos vein (L) and caudal part of azygos vein (R) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| renal segment of inferior vena cava. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormality in tricuspid valve. 2 leaflets displaced downward to pumping chamber and thrid is elongated and may be adherent to wall. cause tricuspid to leak blood backwards to right atrium when ventricle contracts. Right atrium is enlarged, may be congestive heart failure. |
|
|
Term
| Clinical signs and symptoms of Ebsteins Anomaly |
|
Definition
| (cyanosis), tire easily, short of breath. heart skipping(palpitations), fast hart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain. growth and develpment normal. |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Ebsteins anomaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there's no tricuspid valve so no blood can flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. right ventricle is small and underdeveloped. survival depends on opening in wall between atria (atrial septal defect) and ventricals. kid appears blue |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Tricuspid Atresia |
|
Definition
| children with tricuspid atresia need lifelong follow ups with a doctor to ensure health. risk of enfection before and after surgery. amoxicillin before dental work and certain surgeries to help prevent endocarditis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by faulty fusion of the right bulbar ridge, left bulbar ridge, and AV cushions. allows free flow of blood between right and left ventricles. large VSD initially associated with a L-R shunting of blood, increased pulmonary blood flow, pulmonary hypertension. |
|
|
Term
| Secondary effect of large VSD |
|
Definition
| hypertension of pulmonary arteries results in proliferation of tunica intima and tunica media of pulmonary muscular arteries and arteioles resulting in narrowing of lumen. pulmonary resistance increases higher than systemic resistance and R-L shunt begins and results in cyanosis=>Eisenmenger complex. most common type of VSD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by single or multiple perforations in the muscular IV septum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by failure of the membranous and muscular IV septa to form. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heart is abnormally positioned onthe right side of the thorax. Is usually associated with other sever cardiac anomalies. |
|
|
Term
| Dextrocardia with Situs Inversus |
|
Definition
| dextrocardia with inversion of the viscera . not usually associated with other server cardiac anomalies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when an abnormal right aortic arch develps in addition to a left aortic arch due to persistence of the distal portino of the right dorsal aorta. Forms a vascular ring around the trachea and esophagus, which causes difficulties in breathing and swallowing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when the entire right dorsal aorta abnormally persists and part of the left dorsal aorta regresses. right aortic arch may pass anterior or posterior to the esophagus and trachea. A retroesophageal right arch may cause difficulties in swallowing or breathing. |
|
|
Term
| Postductal coarctation of Aorta |
|
Definition
| occurs when the aorta is abnormally constricted; cause is unclear. found distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery and inferior to the ductus arteriosus. |
|
|
Term
| Postductal coarctation consequences |
|
Definition
| associated with increased upper extremity blood pressure, lack of pulse in femoral artery, high risk of cerebral hemorrhage and bacterial endocarditis. associated with turner syndrome. may occur superior to ductus arteriosus but very uncommon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when ductus arteriosus fails to close; normally functionally closes withn a few hours ater birth via smooth muscle contraction to ultimately form ligamentum arteriosum. causes shunting of blood from aorta back to pulmonary circulatiaon. treated with prostablandin synthesis inhibitors which promote closure. common in premature infants and maternal rubella infection. |
|
|
