Term
| How does gastrulation begin? |
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Definition
| begins with primitive streak forming on the epiblast (tail end) |
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Term
| Describe the layers formed during gastrulation |
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Definition
| primitive streak is formed by invagination of epiblast cells. Some become endoderm, the middle become mesoederm and remaining epiblast cells become ectoderm |
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Term
| this part of the epiblast becomes the head. Tail? |
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Definition
buccopharyngeal membrane
clocal plate |
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Term
| describe the role of the primitive node |
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Definition
| acts as an "organizer" of gastrulation and signaling center to pattern germ layers |
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Term
| what direction do cells move once they go in the primitive streak? |
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Definition
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Term
| what causes the movement of cells through the prmitive node? |
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Definition
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Term
| during gastrulation, what happens to the hypoblast cells? |
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Definition
| they are replaced (now called endoderm) |
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Term
| in what direction does the notocord form? |
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Definition
| crainal to caudal (head to foot) as primitve streak and node regress |
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Term
| how is the notocord formed? |
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Definition
1) hypoblast cells intercalate to form notochordal plate (mesodermal and endodermal)
2) endoderm cells detatch |
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Term
| function of the notocord? |
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Definition
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Term
This section acts as a second signaling region (with the node) that espresses genes essential for the head
When does this occur? |
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Definition
Anterior Visceral Ecdoderm
before gastrulation |
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Term
| this growth factor initates and maintains the primitive streak |
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Definition
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Term
| this is the ventralizing signaling portein |
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Definition
Bone morphogenetic protein 4
BMP4 |
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Term
| these 4 antaganize BMP4 and dosalize the layers |
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Definition
| chordin, goosecoid, noggin and follistatin |
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Term
| this dorsalizes the mesoderm in the tail |
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Definition
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Term
| name the 3 layers of mesoderm near the notocord |
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Definition
periaxial
intermediate
lateral plate |
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Term
| what can cause conjoined twins in mice? |
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Definition
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Term
| this is a condition caused by lack of brachyury T gene |
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Definition
| caudal dysgenesis (flipper kids) |
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Term
This gene is responsible for L R axis
what makes it left sided, right sided? |
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Definition
FGF8 induces nodal on L side
Sonic Hedgehog represses L side genes on R side |
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Term
| in mice, these cells were responsible for 1/3 of Left/Right sided defects |
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Definition
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Term
what do periaxial mesoderm become?
intermediate?
lateral plate?
extra embryonic? |
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Definition
somites
urogenital system
body wall heart and blood vessels
chorion |
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Term
| at what point does differentiation occur? What direction? |
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Definition
| mid 3rd to 4th week cephalocaudally (gastrualtion occurs in caudal portiaons while differentiation occurs cranially) |
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Term
| this is when high doeses of alcohol leasding to facial malformation during gastrulation |
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Definition
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Term
| this is cilliated cell defects leadting to transposition of viscera in thorax and abdomen |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens if primitive streak doesnt disappear? |
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Definition
| sacrcococcygeal teratoma (tumor containing tissues from all 3 germ layers) |
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Term
| describe the 3 stages of villi in the trophoblast |
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Definition
Primary villus: 2 trophoblast layers
Secondary villus: mesoderm core
Tertiary Villus: capillaries present |
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Term
| @ the end of the 3rd week describe the trophoblast arrangement |
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Definition
cytotrophoblast now attaches to uterus
syntiotrophoblast now lacunae |
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Term
| this is a diagram that tells us where epiblast cells end up |
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Definition
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Term
| @ the end of the 3rd week describe the capillary arrangement |
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Definition
| villus caps contact vessels in the chorionic plate and connecting stalk, wich in turn contact intraembryonic vessels. IT IS READY FOR HEART BEAT TO BEGIN!! |
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Term
| name 7 behavioral determinants of health |
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Definition
| alcohol, tobacco, firearms, motor vehicle, diet and activity, sex behavior, illegal drugs |
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Term
| Non medical issues that can influence health behavior |
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Definition
psychological issues (fear of outside)
Cultural Issues (healers?)
Socioeconomic issues (cant afford to eat healthy?) |
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Term
| How was smoking behavior changed accomplished? |
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Definition
smoking bans (cant smoke at work!)
counseling (brief advice (did not work), individual, group, telephone) |
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Term
| barriers in interviewing older adults |
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Definition
| ageism, sensory loss, dysarthria, aphasia, AMS |
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Term
| special parts to geriatric interview |
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Definition
audio visual
gait/mobility/falls
insomnia
nutrition
GU
gI
aDL/IADL (activities in daily living, insturmental activities in daily living)
mood/memory
enviroment
sexuality |
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Term
| what is the idea behind gaining / losing a lot of weight over time? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
ADL: dressing, eating, ambulating, peeing, hygine (stuff at home)
Shopping, housekeeping, telephone |
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Term
| this helps determine cognative ability |
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Definition
| mini mental status exam (MMSE) |
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Term
| screening methods for hearing / vision |
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Definition
vision: can you read the paper, pocket guide
hearing: finger rub, can they hear in the interview |
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Term
| what is a brown bag test? |
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Definition
| asking elderly patients to bring in all the medication they are taking in a brown bag, and go through it with them. |
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Term
| 6 ways to enhance adherance for elderly |
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Definition
simlplify
write things down
encourage a pill box
include family or friend in care
sensitivity to cost concerns
reminder calls for appointments! |
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Term
| parts of enviromental interveiw for old folks (5) |
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Definition
who lives at home
stairs?
daily contacts
trasportation
home services? |
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