Term
|
Definition
Membranous laryngotracheobronchitis
3mo - 10 y/o
Copious secretions
Super infection w/ viral URI
Prodrome URI - 4 days, then rapid deteriorations with high fvr
Barking cough
Resp. distress
Normal voice
Toxic appearance |
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Term
| Lymphocytosis in the face of pediatric pneumonia suggests which pathogen? |
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Definition
| Viral, chlamydial, pertussis (usually marked lymphocytosis) |
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Term
|
Definition
Staph, Strep, H.Flu, 2ry sinusitis
-Decr. pupillary response, proptosis, decr.& painful EOM movement, increase IOP |
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Term
|
Definition
Acute: 1-11 days - fvr, myocarditis MCC of death in this phase
Subacute: 11-20 days -gradual resolution of Sx, greatest risk for coronary artery thrombosis, MCC of death here is MI, aneurysm rupture
Convalescent: 21-60 days - sings resolve, death may occur 2ry to MI/thrombosis |
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Term
| Common bacterial meningitis pathogens 4-12 weeks/age? Tx? |
|
Definition
Pathogens: H.Flu->GBS->S.Pnemo->N.Meningitidis->E.Coli, L.Monocytogenic, G(-) bacili
Tx: Ampi + cefotaxime or ceftriaxone |
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|
Term
| Congenital hip dislocation |
|
Definition
1st born male
(+) ortholani (hip click) |
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Term
|
Definition
Inotropic - Dopamine 2-20 micrograms/kg/min
(+) beta1 & 2 receptors |
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Term
|
Definition
1st cup 10-15 ml of urine -> 2nd cup
If WBC predominates in 1st cup=urethritis
If WBC predominates in 2nd cup=kidney, prostate infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| GBS->E.coli->Listeria Mono-> Strep-> H.Flu-> Neisseria |
|
|
Term
| Yes or No: In small child one can give large vol of fluid & blood through a small cannula |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Hypovolemic classifications I-IV |
|
Definition
I:15%
II: 15-30%-mild tachycardia, tachypnea, decr. capillary refill
III: 30-40%-obvious shock, altered mental status, tachycardia, tachypnea, decr. systemic pressures
IV: >40%-life threatening, mentally depressed, cold, pale, tachycardia/pnea, no urine output |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Child w/ transient synovitis of the hip |
|
Definition
18 mo- 12 y/o (MC 5-6 y/o)
male
limp
non-toxic, neg tap |
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Term
|
Definition
Age: 4 y/o
Limp, fvr, irritable, toxic, flexed & abducted & externally leg
Org: MC staph |
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Term
| MC single injury assoc. w/death in injured child |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Characteristic of febrile seizure |
|
Definition
Age: 9- 18 mo.age
Generalized
<20 mins
Short post-ictal phase
Assoc. w/rapid increase in temp
30-40% recurrance rate |
|
|
Term
| Newborn male w/micropenis <2cm stretche & low glucose. Dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SCA clinical presentation in children |
|
Definition
| Unexplained bone pain, LUQ pain (splenic infarct), severe hemolytic anemia, jaundice, painful swelling hands/feet (dactylitis), infections (sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis) - encapsulated H.Flu, S. Penumo, salmonella osteomyelitis |
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|
Term
| Name the only 2 proven effective T's for RSV bronchiolitis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When treating children in shock, aim for u/output of at least |
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Definition
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|
Term
| MCC of distributive shock in children |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| S. Pneumo, H.Fli, Neisseria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bloody streaks in stools, bilous vomiting, abd distention, palpable mass |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Congenital malrotation less 1 y/o, usually 1st mo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Post-natal risks for SIDS |
|
Definition
| •Hx BPD •Acute infection •ALTE •Sibbling w/SIDS •Sleeping in prone position |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Hypovolemia 2ry to acute gastroenteritis w/Rotavirus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| •Ages: 4-11 y/o •Migratory arthritis •Palpable purpuric rash on lower ext & buttocks •Colicky abd pain •Absent thrombocytopenia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Premies: 2.5-3.0 / Newborn: 3.0-3.5 |
|
|
Term
| MCC hypovolemic/hyponatremia in children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1 mg/kg, then drip 20-50 mg/kg/min |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 0.02 mg/kg / 0.1-0.5 kids / 0.5-1 teen |
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|
Term
| Si/Sx Rubella - Vertical transmission |
|
Definition
| Vertical transmission of rubella: cataracts, deafness, PDA |
|
|
Term
| Rubella: Times of maternal infxn |
|
Definition
| 1°mo: 50% chance / 2°mo: 25% / 3°mo: 10% |
|
|
Term
| Peds: Relate time of presentation to cause of CHF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| •↑NH3 (early finding), SGOT, SGPT, PT, Bili, BUN, CPK •↓Glu |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| •Usually viral, mycoplasm •Pain occurs suddenly and persists for 24 to 48 h •Hearing loss and fever suggest a bacterial origin ❑Tx: local heat, analgesia, erythro |
|
|
Term
| Causes of Pneumonia kids 4mo-4y/o |
|
Definition
| #1 Viral; Strep, H.Flu, Staph |
|
|
Term
| Painless rectal bleeding in peds |
|
Definition
| Fissure MC in infants; colon polyps; meckels; Inf. gastro; swallowed maternal blood if <2mo. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ped airway obstruction w/strident |
|
Definition
| Insp stridor: above larynx / Biphasic stridor: trachea / Expiratory stridor: below carina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5 T's - R->L shunts: Tetra fallot, Transposition, Truncus arteriosum, Total anomalous pukm venous return, Tricuspid atresia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cause of bacteremia 3-36 mo/age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Viral *URI w/myalgias in flu season, pathcy interstitial patterin on CXR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Parainfluenza virus •Ages: 6mo-3 y/o |
|
|
Term
| Causes of Bacterial meningitis in neonates 0-4 wks/old |
|
Definition
| •E. Coli •GBStrep •Lysteria •G(-) bacilli |
|
|
Term
| Tx Bacterial meningitis in neonates 0-4 wks/old |
|
Definition
| ❑ Ampi + ceftaxomine (claforan) or Ampi + Gara |
|
|
Term
| Why is bradycardia so poorly tolerated in the infant? |
|
Definition
| Recall: CO = SVxHR. Very low myocardial contractility, hence ↑CO is dependent upon ↑HR (cant ↑SV & ↓MC). Infants tolerate ↑↑↑HR better. Ventr filling time is less critical in maintaining SV & CO. |
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|
Term
| MC emergent peds abd surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Meckel's diverticulum |
|
Definition
| •Painless rectal bleeding (may be massive) •Meckle's isotope scan is false neg in 50% •May form a volvulus of small bowel or internal hernia - signs of obstruction •Inflamm. of the diverticulum may mimic an appy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| X-linked recessive, males early in infancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phenobarbital 20 mg/kg, then pheny 20 mg/kg, then ativan 0.05-0.1 mg/kg or Valium 0.2-0.3 mg/kg |
|
|
Term
| Classic triad of intussusception |
|
Definition
| (1) Intermittent colicky abd pain (1st sign) (2) Vomiting (6-12 hrs later) (3) Current jelly stool (late & ominous sign, however, almost always guaiac (+)) |
|
|
Term
| Pathogens: Sepsis in infants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Locked-in syndrome is caused by |
|
Definition
| Basilar artery occlusion •Quadraplegia •Loss of al motor, except upward gaze •Coma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major physio diff b/w aduts & peds in response to stress |
|
Definition
| Greater surface area relative to body size, results in greater susceptibility to body heat loss & insensible fluid loss |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MCC minor lower GI bleeding in infants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Potential complications of pertussis |
|
Definition
| Pneumonia, PTx, hypoxia, apnea, Sz, encephalitis, hypoxic encephalopahty. Infants <1 mo old have worse course. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1st 2 wks of life. Abd distention w/gastric retention Most frequent finding. Other: apnea, lethargy, bloody stolls, abd tenderness, abd wall erythema. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pneumatosis intestinalis: Air/fluid levels separation of bowel loops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| •Paramyxovirus •Rash: starts in forehed -> spreads includes palms/soles •Fever↑ •Kopliks spots @ buccal mucosa •Complic: OM, pneumonia, encephalitis |
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|
Term
| Prenatal risk factors for SIDS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Epi 0.01 mg/kg 1:10,000 / 0.1 mg/kg 1:1,000 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| H.flu, Strep, Neiss ❑ Tx:Ceftriaxones or cefotaxime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| E.Coli 80-90%. Also, Kleb, Strep. faecalis enterococcus, Proteus, Pseudo, Strap. epid |
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|
Term
| Significant hypoglycemia in child will show ____ in U/A. If not urine should be sent for ___? |
|
Definition
| -Ketone -Should be sent for organic acids to r/o enzyme def |
|
|
Term
| MC preventable cause of death in injured child |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PE in shaken baby syndrome |
|
Definition
| Retinal hemomrrhage 50-80% |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial tracheitis is a potentially serious complication of ___? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A "herald patch" rash followed by a "Christmas tree" distribution rash 1-2 wks later in a well-appearing child is___? |
|
Definition
| Pytiriasis rosea (probably due to a virus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inotropic: dopamine 2-20 mg/kg/min (B1 & B2 fxn)
May add epi in sepsis + nipride |
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