Digestive System Prefixes

• Endo-: Within, in.

• Hemi-: Half.

• Sub-: Under, below.

• Gastro-: Stomach.

• Aliment-: Food.

• Ile-: Ileum.

• Dys-: Difficult, painful, abnormal.

• Entero-: Intestine.

• Hepat-: Live

Urinary Prefixes System

• Poly-: Many, much.

• Hydr-: Water.

• Nephr-: Kidney.

• Ur-/Uro-: Urine

• Dia-: Through, complete

• A-/An-: Absence of, without.

Digestive System Suffixes

• -centesis: Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid

• -eal: Pertaining to

• -ectomy: Excision

• -gram: Record, radiographic image

• -graph: Instrument used to record

• -graphy: Process of recording

• -ia: Condition of, diseased state

• -iasis: Condition

• -ic: Pertaining to

• -itis: Inflammation

• -lith: Stone

• -logist: Specialist who studies and treats

• -logy: Study of

• -malacia: Softening

• -megaly: Enlargement

• -oma: Tumor

• -osis: Abnormal condition

• -pathy: Disease

• -pepsia: Digestion

• -phagia: Eating or swallowing

• -plasty: Surgical repair

• -ptosis: Prolapse, drooping

• -rrhaphy: Suture, repair

• -rrhea: Flow, discharge

   
• -scope: Instrument for visual examination
• -scopy: Visual examination
• -stomy: Creation of an artificial opening
• -tomy: Incision, cut into 
• -ac: Pertaining to
• -al: Pertaining to
• -cele: Hernia, protrusion

Urinary System Suffixes

• emia: In the blood
• -lysis: Loosening, dissolution, separating
• -uria: Urine, urination
• -tripsy: Surgical crushing
• -pexy: Surgical fixation, suspension
• -scopic: Pertaining to visual examination 

Urinary System Root Words

• Ur/o or Urin/o: Refers to urine. 

• Cyst/o: Refers to the urinary bladder.

• Urethr/o: Refers to the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

• Ureter/o: Refers to the ureter, the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. 

• Albumin/o: Refers to albumin, a protein found in the urine. 

• Azot/o: Refers to urea or nitrogen.

• Hydr/o: Refers to water.

• Lith/o: Refers to stone, calculus. 

• Pyel/o: Refers to the renal pelvis, the part of the kidney that collects urine. 

• Nephr/o: Refers to the kidney. 

  Digestive System Root Words

• Intest: intestine

• Aliment: food

• Digest: to break down food

• Absorb: to take in nutrients

• Excrete: to eliminate waste

• Sigmoid: sigmoid colon

• Gastric: relating to the stomach

• Ileal: relating to the ileum

• Jejunal: relating to the jejunum

• Cecal: relating to the cecum

• • Rect: rectum

  • An: anus

  • Esophag: esophagus

  • Pylor: pyloric valve

  • Duoden: duodenum

  • Ile: ileum

  • Jejun: jejunum

  • Cec: cecum

  • Appendix: appendix

  • Pharynx: pharynx

  • Gallbladder: gallbladder

  • Pancreat: pancreas

  • Gastro: stomach

    Enter: intestine

    Hepato: liver

    Chol: bile

    Colon: large intestine

Digestive System 

• EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

• ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

• EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound.

• FOBT: Fecal occult blood test.

• GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease.

• GI: Gastrointestinal.

• IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.

• IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome.

• PUD: Peptic ulcer disease.

• RBC: Red blood cell.

• APR: Abdominoperineal resection.

• BE: Barium enema.

Urinary System:

• ARF: Acute renal failure.

• BUN: Blood urea nitrogen.

• CKD: Chronic kidney disease.

• ESRD: End-stage renal disease.

• ESWL: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

• HD: Hemodialysis.

• OAB: Overactive bladder.

• SG: Specific gravity.

• UA: Urinalysis.

• UTI: Urinary tract infection.

• VCUG: Voiding cystourethrogram.

• GFR: Glomerular filtration rate.

• PD: Peritoneal dialysis.

• KUB: Kidney, ureter, and bladder.

• MSI: Microscopic squamous cell invasion.

• COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

• CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid.

• BPH: Benign prostatic hyperplasia