Term
| what are the ECF electrolytes? |
|
Definition
| sodium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate |
|
|
Term
| what are the ICF electrolytes? |
|
Definition
| potassium, phosphate, magnesium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bicarbonate, chloride, phosphate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| calcium,magnesium, potassium, sodium, hydrogen |
|
|
Term
| what is the normal range for sodium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the normal range for chloride? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the normal range for calcium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the normal range for bicarbonate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the normal range for potassium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the normal range for phosphate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the normal range for magnesium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of hypokalemia? |
|
Definition
| Leg cramps, dysrhythmias, fatigue |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia? |
|
Definition
| slow pulse, dysrhythmias, peaked T's |
|
|
Term
| what are the signs and symptoms of hypophosphatemia? |
|
Definition
| weak pulse, muscle weakness,increased serum calcium levels |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of hyperphosphatemia? |
|
Definition
| parathesia,spasma,cramps tetany associated with increased calcium levels |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia? |
|
Definition
| hyperactive dtr, numbness,tingling and painful muscle contraction, depression,reduced motility in gi |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia? |
|
Definition
| NV, weakness,lethargy, loss of dtr, coma cardiac arrest |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of hyponatremia |
|
Definition
| poor skin turgor,dry membranes,rapid pulse, lethargy, cramps headache muscle twitch possible seizure |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of hypernatremia |
|
Definition
| skin flushed, agitation, low grade fever, thirst |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of hypochloremia |
|
Definition
| muscle cramps twitching,tetany, seizures, coma |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of hyperchloremia |
|
Definition
| tachypnea,lethargy, weakness, arrythmias, coma |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia |
|
Definition
| tingling, numbness,twitching,painful cramps,+trouusseaus or chvoskis,weak pulse |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia |
|
Definition
| increased hr and bp,confusion, muscle weakness, nv, thirst |
|
|
Term
normal ph
normal pac02
normal bicarb |
|
Definition
ph-7.35-7.45
pac02-35-45mmhg
bicarb-22-26mEq |
|
|
Term
| how much blood does the kidneys filter |
|
Definition
| 125ml per minute, 180L a day |
|
|
Term
| how much weight is lost per 1L of fluid lost? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a healthy range for a fasting blood glucose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the metabolic syndrome(syndromeX) |
|
Definition
risk factors for type II DM
abd obesity
hyperglycemia
hypertension
dyslipidia(>150mg/dl) |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of type I DM |
|
Definition
| sudden onset,polydipsia,polyuria,polyphagia, sudden weight loss,feeling tired |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of typeII DM |
|
Definition
gradual onset,tired,dry itchy skin,
numbness, polydipsia,polyuria,blurred vision,sexual disfunction, nocturia |
|
|
Term
| What are the major po DM meds? |
|
Definition
| sulfonylurea, meglitinide analogues, biguanides,alpha glucose inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia |
|
Definition
| shaking,tachycardia,sweating,dizziness,anxious,hunger,impaired vision,weakness,headache, irritable |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia |
|
Definition
| polydipsia,polyuria,polyphagia, dry skin, blurred vision, drowsy, infections |
|
|
Term
| signs and symtoms of ketoacidosis |
|
Definition
| hunger,thirst, vomiting,abd pain,fruity breath, kussmaul breathing, temperature |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state |
|
Definition
| gradual onset usually typeII DM, BS over 600 mg/dl neg urine ketones, confusion |
|
|
Term
| on sick days when should dr. be notified? |
|
Definition
BS>200 with ketones in typeI
BS>300 for 8 hrs in typeII
bsbelow70 on two tests |
|
|
Term
| what are microvascular complications associated with DM? |
|
Definition
retinopathy
neuropathy
nephropathy |
|
|
Term
| what are macrovascular complications associated with DM? |
|
Definition
coronary artery disease
cerebral vascular disease
peripheral vascular disease |
|
|
Term
| what is the range of microalbumin to check for nephropathy? |
|
Definition
protein<30mg
albumin<100mg |
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