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Definition
| ___ are the remains or traces of prehistoric life. They can tell us much about the history of the Earth and life. |
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Definition
| Around ___, the Greek philosopher, ___ noticed fossil seashells in outcrops of sedimentary rocks that were far from the sea, and high above sea level. |
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| He concluded that the area had once been beneath the sea and that seas had once covered the continents. |
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Definition
| What did Herodotus conclude about the fossils of seashells that he found in the outcrops of sedimentary rocks that were far from the sea? |
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| they said that the seashells suggested the Biblical flood of Noah |
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Definition
| What did some people say about the sea shell fossils that were not found by the sea? |
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Term
| better understanding of the immensity of geologic time |
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Definition
| As geologists acquired a ___, they were able to use relative dating to produce a more valid interpretation of fossils and sedimentary rocks |
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Definition
| As geologists acquired a better understanding of the immensity of geologic time, they were able to use ___ to produce a more valid interpretation of fossils and sedimentary rocks. |
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Definition
| the ___ are the record of plants and animals which lived and died over an immense span of time |
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Term
| They are the record of plants and animals which lived and died over an immense span of time |
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Definition
| What is the importance of fossils? |
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Term
| a Danish physician who was the first to suggest in print that rocks enclosing fossils had at one time been soft and he is also famous for Steno's Laws |
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Definition
| What is Nicolaus Steno known for? |
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Term
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Definition
| Who was the first to suggest in print that rocks enclosing fossils had at one time been soft? |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ provides a set of rules for organizing or ordering strata into relative ages. |
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Term
| principle of superposition |
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Definition
| Steno's law that says that the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the younger rocks are on the top |
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Term
| principle of original horizontality |
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Definition
| Steno's law that says that sediments are deposited in flat, horizontal layers. |
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Term
| principle of original lateral continuity |
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Definition
| Steno's law that states that sediments are deposited over a large area in a continuous sheet. |
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Term
| principle of superposition, principle of original horizontality, and principle of original lateral continuity |
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Definition
| What are Steno's three laws? |
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Term
| the principle of cross-cutting relationships and the principle of inclusions |
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Definition
| What is Sir Charles Lyell known for? |
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Term
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Definition
| Who is the geologist who formulated the principle of cross-cutting relationships and the principle of inclusions? |
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Term
| the principle of cross-cutting relationships |
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Definition
| This principle states that where a fault cuts across a sequence of sedimentary rock, the fault is younger than the rocks it cuts. |
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Term
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Definition
| where a fault cuts across a sequence of sedimentary rock, the fault is ___ than the rocks it cuts. |
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| The sedimentary rocks are older than the fault which cuts them, because they had to be there first, before they could be faulted |
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Definition
| explain the reasoning behind the principle of cross-cutting relationships (faults) |
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Term
| Principle of cross cutting relationships |
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Definition
| The principle that states that where an igneous intrusion cuts across a sequence of sedimentary rock, the sedimentary rocks are older than the igneous rock which intrudes them |
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Term
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Definition
| Where an igneous intrusion cuts across a sequence of sedimentary rock, the sedimentary rocks are older than the igneous rock which intrudes them |
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Definition
| The intrusion is ___ than the rocks it cuts |
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Term
James Hutton was a Scottish physician, farmer, and geologist who believed that: "past history of our globe must be explained by what can be seen to be happening now."
He is also known for the law of uniformitarianism |
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Definition
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Definition
| James Hutton recognized that the "___ is the key to the ___" |
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Definition
| the law of uniformitarianism recognizes that ___ govern geological processes. |
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Definition
| this is the belief that some events which occurred in the past, and left a record in the rocks, are not occurring today, or have not occurred in the human lifespan |
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Term
| some events which occurred in the past, and left a record in the rocks, are not occurring today, or have not occurred in the human lifespan |
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Definition
| Explain the belief catastrophism. |
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Term
| huge meteorite impacts, extensive volcanism, and snowball earth |
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Definition
| What are some phenomena that are included in the belief of catastrophism that would not occur today or in a human lifespan? |
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Definition
| ___ dominates the day-to day processes |
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Definition
| ___ comes into play episodically with events such as asteroid impacts, or sudden, severe climatic changes that cause extinctions, and other unusual events |
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Term
| He was a canal engineer who analyzed rocks exposed in mines, canals of England. Because of this he came up with the principle of fossil succession and can divide rock record based on fossils |
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Definition
| What is William Smith known for? |
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Term
| William Smith realized that rock units had distinct fossils and could use them to recognize rock units, and named them. We can now divide rock record based on fossils |
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Definition
| Explain the principle of fossil succession |
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Term
| principle of fossil succession |
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Definition
| Which principle states that you can divide rock record based on fossils? |
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Term
| principle of fossil succession |
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Definition
| fossils occur in a consistent vertical order in sedimentary rocks all over the world. |
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Term
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Definition
| geologists interpret fossil succession to be the result of ___- the natural appearance and disappearance of species through time |
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