Term
| What is the medical name for canker sore? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the epidemiology of canker sores? |
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Definition
-Frequency 20-66%
-More in women
-Peak 10-19 yo |
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Term
| Descibe the pathogenesis of canker sores. |
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Definition
| Alterations in local cell mediated immunity |
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Term
| What are predisposing factors for canker sores? |
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Definition
| Stress, hormones, trauma, familial tendency, infections, food hypersensitivity |
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Term
| Describe the clinical presentation of canker sores |
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Definition
-Prodromal stage: 1-2 days before ulcer, burning or prickling of oral mucosa
- Painful, necrotic ulcer w/ gray exudate and erythematous halo |
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Term
| What parts of the mouth are canker sores seen on? |
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Definition
| Soft, moveable parts (buccal mucosa, soft palate, tonsillar region), no gums |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of canker sores? |
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Definition
| Self-healing in 7-14 days |
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Term
| What products are used for sx relief of canker sores? |
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Definition
-Topical pastes: orabase, aphthasol
-mouth rinse: tetracycline, steroid
-topical or injectable steroids |
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Term
| What type of HSV typically causes herpes labialis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is common name and epidemiology of oral herpes simplex? |
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Definition
| Cold sore or fever blister, 90% of US |
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Term
| How is oral herpes spread? |
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Definition
-Most common directly: mouth to mouth
-Indirect: infected razors, towels, dishes, etc. |
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Term
| What is the most common clinical presentation in children? |
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Definition
| herpetic gingivostomatitis |
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Term
| What are precipitating factors to herpes outbreak? |
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Definition
| Sunlight, trauma, emotional stress |
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Term
| What tests are used to dx oral herpes? |
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Definition
| - Tzanck smear-multinucleated giant cells, direct immunofluorescence, viral culture, serology, polymerase chain rxn |
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Term
| What can be used to tx oral herpes? |
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Definition
- local analgesics (anbesol, blistex)
- antivirals (acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir)
-docodsanol cream (abreva) |
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Term
| What is oral candidiasis? |
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Definition
| - Thrush, local infxn caused by Candida albicans (fungus) |
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Term
| What are at risk groups for thrush? |
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Definition
| nursing infant, elderly (dentures), infants and toddlers, corticosteroid use, immunosuppresion, poor glycemic control |
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Term
| Describe clinical presentation for thrush. |
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Definition
| - creamy, white plaques on buccal mucosa, palate, tongue, or oropharynx, poss beefy red tongue and soreness, under dentures is erythema /s plaques |
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Term
| What test is used to test for thrush? |
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Definition
| KOH prep done on scrapings |
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Term
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Definition
| - Probiotics if mild, treat mother and baby for nursing, nystatin suspension, nystatin troche, clotrimazole troche |
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Term
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Definition
| Precancerous lesions present as white patches on oral mucosa, 1-20% progress to CA in 10 yrs, non-painful |
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Term
| What are possible causes of leukoplakia? |
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Definition
| - long-term etoh, HPV, smoking |
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Term
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Definition
| BX to test for CA, stop smoking, topical retenoid |
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Term
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Definition
| Slightly red, raised area that bleeds easily if scraped (7/10 lead to oral CA) |
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Term
| What is the most frequent cause of erythroplakia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes 90% of CA of the oral cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the sx of squamous cell CA of the mouth? |
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Definition
| persistent papules, plaques, erosions or ulcers, 90% caused by smoking or etoh |
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Term
| What is hairy leukoplakia? |
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Definition
| EBV induced lesion caused almost entirely in HIV pts, white vertical ridges on lateral tongue |
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Term
| What is black, hariy tongue? |
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Definition
| Benign assoc. w/ abx use, candida infxn or poor oral hygiene, elongated filiform papillae |
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Term
| What is another word for black hairy tongue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is geographic tongue? |
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Definition
| local loss of filiform papillae leads to ulcer-like lesions that appear as erythematous patches w/ white borders, no tx required |
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Term
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Definition
| bacterial or viral infxn of a salivary gland commonly assoc. w/ salivary stones of gland hyposecretion |
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Term
| Who does sialedentitis affect in the abscence of stones? |
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Definition
| Elderly, malnourished, newborns, or postoperative |
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Term
| What is the most commonly affected gland in sialadentitis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Presence of stones in salivary ducts or glands - 80-92% in submandibular |
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Term
| What is the epidemiology of sialolothiasis? |
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Definition
| More frequent in men than women and age 30-60 |
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Term
| What is the possible etiology of sialoithiasis? |
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Definition
| Relative stagnation of Ca rich saliva, submandibular gland more often affected |
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Term
| What are the sx of sialolithiasis? |
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Definition
| Pain and swelling in gland which is aggravted by eating or anticipation of eating |
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Term
| What causes bacterial sialadenitis? |
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Definition
| Staph, strep pneumo, strep viridans, hemo influenza |
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Term
| What is the general tx of sialolithiasis? |
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Definition
-Keep hydrated, milk the duct
-Sialogogues: suck in hard candy
-Abx
-Stones <2cm pass on their own |
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Term
| What are surgical interventions for sialolithiasis? |
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Definition
| transoral removal, lithotripsy, wire basket retrieval, sialoendoscopy |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of one or both parotid glands |
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Term
| What are the sx of viral parotitis? |
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Definition
| Parotid tenderness, earache, swelling for up to 10d, bilateral swelling in 70-80% |
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Term
| How many teeth are in children? How many in adults? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is apical peridontitis caused by? |
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Definition
| severely inflamed pulp (pulpitis) that has necrosed |
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Term
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Definition
| Localized, purulent form of apical periodontitis |
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Term
| Describe the clinical presentation of dental abscess? |
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Definition
- Severe, constant facial pain
- Assoc, lymphadenopathy, facial swelling, cellulitis |
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Term
| What is the tx for dental abscess? |
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Definition
-Pain management (NSAIDS, Hydrocodone)
-ABX is facial swelling
-I&D of gingival abscess
-Warm compresses
-Root canal or extraction |
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