Term
| what are the 4 reasons to do an audiology evaluation |
|
Definition
determine degree and configuration of hearling loss
determined site of lesion
determine need for nonsurfical intervention (hearing aid, lip reading, sign language)
determine need for futher testing |
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|
Term
| what are the three areas of audiology testing |
|
Definition
pure tone auditometry
speech audiometry
immittance/impedence measures |
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Term
| what are the two pure tone auditometry tests |
|
Definition
air conduction
bone conduction |
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Term
| speech audiomatey two tests |
|
Definition
speech reception thresholds
speech discrimination thresholds |
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Term
| immittance/impedence measures two |
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Definition
| tympanomatry and acustic reflexes |
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|
Term
| what is a speech reception threshold test |
|
Definition
| lowest dB pt can repeat spondiaic (spondless) words at 50% |
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Term
|
Definition
| two syllable word with equal ephsis on both syllables |
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|
Term
| what is the specificity of the speech reception test |
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Definition
| can confirm tone thresholds within 10dB of PTA at the average air conduction of 500, 100, and 200 Hz |
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|
Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is the difference between Hz and dB |
|
Definition
dB is the volume
Hz is high or low pitch |
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|
Term
| what is a speech detection threshold |
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Definition
| lowest dB level in the patient responds to speech |
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|
Term
| who gets a speech detection threshold |
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Definition
| kids, mentally retarded, language barriers, when speech repetition cannot be done |
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|
Term
| what does a speech discrimination score determine |
|
Definition
| how clear a pt can hear speech |
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|
Term
| how is speech discrimination score done |
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Definition
| patient repeats a list of 50 phonetically balanced words, tessl about th einner ear, nerve, and brain |
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|
Term
| what is the scoriing for speech discrimination testing |
|
Definition
90-100% correct is normal
76-88% correct is slight difficulty
60-74% correct is moderate difficulty
40-58% correct is poor
<40% correct is very poor |
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|
Term
| what does an A tympanogram mean |
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Definition
| normal: pressure on both sides of TM are equal, middle ear and ossicles are functing normally |
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|
Term
| what does an Ad tympanogram mean |
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Definition
| increased: TM is floppy due to atrophy or disarticulation of the ossicles |
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|
Term
| what does an As tympanogram mean |
|
Definition
| stiff Tm from osicular fixation or diffuse tympanosclerosis |
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|
Term
| what does an C tympanogram mean |
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Definition
| decreased: pressure in the middle ear is negative related to external. most commonly caused by eustachian tube dysfunction but could be from otitis media |
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|
Term
| what does a B tympanogram mean |
|
Definition
| immobility of the TM, middle ear is incompressable due to hole in TM or fluid filled middle ear |
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|
Term
| webber test: how is it done, what do the results mean |
|
Definition
place fork in midlike and the tone should be heard in both ears equally
in conductive loss it is louder in the bad ear
in sensorineural loss it is louder in the good ear |
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|
Term
| rinne test: how is it done, what do the results mean |
|
Definition
compares air and bone conduction. alternate position between pinna and mastoid
tone should be louder in air.
in conductive loss tone is louder at the mastoid
in sensorineural loss the tone is louder at the ear |
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|
Term
| what is the main goal in infant screening |
|
Definition
| screen them before they leave the hospital (or by 3 mo) |
|
|
Term
| what what age in infant screening do we begin rehabilitation or correction, basically when can we confirm hearing problem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what tests do a newborn get |
|
Definition
ABR: auditory brainstem response: response to sound recorded via brain waves
OAE: otoacustic emissions |
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|
Term
| at birth how should a baby respond to noise |
|
Definition
eyes wide
blinking
stirring or arousal
startle |
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|
Term
| what 6 mo how should a babay respond to noise |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at 13 mo how should a baby respond to noise |
|
Definition
| direct or localize sound from any direction |
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|
Term
| what are the denoted symbols in pure tone audiometry |
|
Definition
left ear : right ear
X: good air conduction :O
square: masked air conduction :triangle
>: good bone conduction :<
]: masked bone conduction :[
right arrow: no response :left arrow |
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|
Term
| what is the scale of dB for hearing impairment |
|
Definition
-10 - 20 normal
21-40 mild loss
41055 moderate loss
56-70 mod to severe loss
71-90 severe loss
>90 profound loss |
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|
Term
| what is conductive hearing loss |
|
Definition
problem with the hardware, more outer ear
ossicles, ET, drum, mastoid, pinna |
|
|
Term
| what is sensorineural hearing loss |
|
Definition
problems with the wiring, more inner ear
semicircular canals, facial nerve, cochlea, auditory nerve, vestibular nerve, brain |
|
|
Term
| what are some examples of conductive hearing loss |
|
Definition
cerumen impaction
foreign body
atresia of ET or auricle
ossicular fixation
otosclerosis
tumor
tympanosclerosis
TM perforation |
|
|
Term
| what are some examples of sensorineural hearing loss |
|
Definition
| ototoxicity, neurologiclal disorders, hematological disorders, infection, bone disease, autoimmune, prebyscus, endocrine, metabolic, hededitary, |
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|
Term
| what is mixed hearing loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the middle ear |
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|
Term
| define middle ear effusion |
|
Definition
| liquid resulting from otitis media |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| discharge through the perforated tympanic membrane |
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|
Term
| what are the 5 types of effusion describe them |
|
Definition
serous: thin, watery (transudate)
mucoud: thick, viscous, mucous like
purulent: puss like
blood
CSF |
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|
Term
| where is otitis media with effusion in rank with childhood diseases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some factors that statistically increase chances of otitis media with effusion |
|
Definition
under 3 yo
male>female
cleft palate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collapse (passive) or retraction (active pulling inward) of TM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| localized area of aelectasis of TM |
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|
Term
| what is the most important factor to pathogenesis of the middle ear |
|
Definition
| abnormal function of the eustachian tube |
|
|
Term
| what are 5 underlying causes of eustachian tube dysfunction |
|
Definition
immaturity of the tube
immaturity of the muscles of the soft palate
submucosal clefts / cleft palate
adenoid hypertrophy
retrograde migration of bacteria |
|
|
Term
| what are the three functions of the eustachian tube |
|
Definition
| ventelation, protection, drainage |
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|
Term
| pathogenesis of acute otitis media |
|
Definition
congestion of respiratory and ET mucosa cause obstruction
secretions in middle ear accumulate and allow for pathogens to proliferate |
|
|
Term
| how do microbes get into the middle ear |
|
Definition
| infection is secondary to aspiration, insufflation, or reflux of nasopharyngeal bacteria up the tube and into the middle ear |
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|
Term
| what are 5 pathologies of the eustachian tube |
|
Definition
functional obstruction: floppy tube, poor tensor veli palatini function
mechanical obstruction: intrinsic (inflammation), extrinsic (adenoids or tumor)
abnormal patency: patulous ET |
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|
Term
| what are 7 ddx to otitis media |
|
Definition
allergies
craniofacial abnormalities
oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes
cilliary dyskinesia
drugs: NSAIDS, steroids |
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|
Term
| what are the systemic symptoms of otitis media (5) |
|
Definition
| fever, irritability, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| what are the local symptoms of otitis media (6) |
|
Definition
otalgia: pain
otorrhea
tinnitus
vertigo
facial paralysis
swelling behind the ear |
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|
Term
| what is seen when someone has otitis media on an otoscope exam |
|
Definition
| TM is full, bulging, opaque, limited or no mobility |
|
|
Term
| what statistically increases incidence of otitis media |
|
Definition
6-13 mo
males>females
day care, big family
winter
bottle feeding
american, canadian, and escimo indians |
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|
Term
| what are the common bacterial causes of otitis media |
|
Definition
S. pneumoniae, H. influenza
mycoplasm pneumonia, anaerobic bacteria, chalmydia trachomatous, diptheria, TB |
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|
Term
| what are the common viral causes of otitis media |
|
Definition
| RSV, influenza, coxsackie, adenovirus, parainfluenza |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common causes of otitis media |
|
Definition
| nothing! nothing shows on smear at all |
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|
Term
| what are the initial treatments for otitis media |
|
Definition
| amoxicillin, TMP/SMX, amoxicillini/clauvonic acid, cefprozil, cefuroxime, omnicef |
|
|
Term
| what are the adjunctive therapies for otitis media |
|
Definition
| anaglesics, antipuretics, local heat, decongestants, antihistmaines, topical steroid nasal sprays |
|
|
Term
| what do you do if someone has a chronic otitis media |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when do you give otitis media treatment as a topical (drop) |
|
Definition
| TM perforation and discharge present |
|
|
Term
| what is the prophylaxis for otitis media |
|
Definition
| no longer used, not benificial |
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|
Term
| what is a myringotamty, when do you do it |
|
Definition
hole in the TM
acute mastoiditis, labyrinthitis, facial paralysis, severe otalgia, intracranial suppurative complications |
|
|
Term
| when do you do tympanostomy tubes |
|
Definition
regulate middle ear pressure
drain secretions down ET
protect from nasopharyngeal secretions
prevent complications
restore hearing |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common complication of otitis media |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the intracranial complications of otitis media |
|
Definition
| meningitis, extradural abscess, subdural empyema, focal otitis encephalitis, brain abscess, lateral sinus thrombosis, otitic hydrocephalus |
|
|
Term
| how do you identify there is an intracranial complication of otitis media |
|
Definition
| stiff neck, focal seizures, ataxia, blurred vision, papilledema, diplopia, hemiplegia, aphasia |
|
|
Term
| what are the intratemporal complications of otitis media |
|
Definition
hearing loss, perforation of TM, chronic suppurative otitis media, retraction pocket, cholesteatoma, adhesive otitis media, tympanosclerosis, ossicular discontuniuty
ossicular fixation, mastoiditis, petrositis, labrynthitis, facial paralysis, cholesterol granuloma |
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