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| Most writing that is not poetry; letters, encyclopedia information, newspaper reports, fiction, non-fiction, essays, plays, short stories, novels, etc. |
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| The enemy of the hero or heroine; if sinister in character, he/she is also called the villain; antagonist can also be an inanimate thing such as the weather or unfavorable environment. It opposes the protagonist. |
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| The chief person or character in a narration or play who receives most of the attention and is supposed to receive the reader's sympathy. May be called the hero or heroine; may sometimes be a group of people. |
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| Methods used to present the personality of characters. Includes Direct Characterization and Indirect Characterization. |
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| Writer tells the reader explicitly what kind of person the character is. |
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| Indirect Characterization |
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| The reader must figure out the personality of the character himself through the actions, words, through what other character say, or through the reader's own inferences. |
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The elements in most plots that involve a struggle between two opposing forces.
a) Man vs. Man
b) Man vs. Society
c) Man vs. Nature
d) Man vs. Himself
e) Man vs. Supernatural |
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| Struggle between two or more characters |
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| Conflict (Man vs. Society) |
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| Conflict (Man vs. Nature) |
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| Struggle with the environment |
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| Conflict (Man vs. Himself) |
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| Struggle within the character's mind or conscience |
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| Conflict (Man vs. Supernatural) |
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| Struggle with supernatural forces |
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| The sequence of related events that make up a story or a drama. |
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| Plot (list 7 parts of a plot) |
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1. Initial Incident
2. Rising Action
3. Climax
4. Turning Point
5. Falling Action
6. Resolution
7. Denouement |
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| Part of a plot: the first event |
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| Part of a plot: events which grow cumulatively up to the most crucial scene or climax. |
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| Part of a plot: point of greatest excitement and intensity |
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| Part of a plot: point at which the narrative starts to move towards a resolution or ending |
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| Part of a plot: the action from the climax or turning point to the end |
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| Part of a plot: outcome of the crisis or conflict(s) |
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| The last scene or incident which explains and "unties the knots" remaining in the plot; common in mystery stories and detective stories. |
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| The time, place and chief circumstances (such as a snowstorm, a war, an epidemic, a voyage, etc.) |
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| The general emotional feeling, temper, or spirit conveyed by a piece of literature; the attitude the writer takes toward his subject. |
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(1) The topic; what the piece of literature is generally about; the main idea
(2) The main underlying thought, (moral, social, political, or economic though) which the piece of literature is written to illustrate. |
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| The scene in a story or play that interrupts present action to tell about events happening at an earlier time; used to explain or provide background for present action. |
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| A character,place or event used to contrast with another character, place or event; used to bring out *by contrast* the traits of each, which are emphasized by the dissimilarities between the two. |
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| Device or method for hinting at the outcome of a narrative. Sometimes it is done by a prophet-like character, by events, by natural phenomenon such as storms, sun, etc. |
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| Contrast or discrepancy between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen. |
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| A story in which the characters and various elements in the story symbolize ideas or concepts with which the author implies the real meaning of the work. The story is an extended metaphor usually intended to teach an abstract truth. |
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