A change in the structure of a ecological community.

Either from an autogenic disturbance, (Sere 1, naturally occuring) or from an allogenic disturbance, (Sere 2, like a wildfire

A subset of a community that includes species that function in similar ways, but don't necessarily use the same resources.

Example: mosquitos + aphids, both sucking insects.

A group of species that use the same resource.

Eg: bats, hummingbirds, bees

A group of species in a community that obtain energy in similar ways.

Classified by the number of feeding steps by which the group is removed from primary producers.

Eg, Primary producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, etc.

The principle that two species that use a limiting resource in the same way cannot coexist indefinitely.

Eg, experiment with the bacteria

A relatively narrow patch that connects blocks of habitat and often facilitates movement of species between those blocks.

Eg, patches of forest surrounded by meadows that the great white woof walks through.

The final stage of succession, viewed as a stable end point that experiences little change.

At it's "maturest" form, an ecosystem.

Biotic and abiotic changes in the physical environment that are associated with a sudden habitat boundary.

Eg, changing where the forest's edge is

Succession that involves the colinzation of habitats devoid of life.

Eg Mt. St. Helens

Early: American beach grass, (traps sand in dunes)

Late: Plants farther away from beach, (secondary settlers)

Succession that involves reestablishment of a community in which most, but not all organisms are destroyed.

Eg Forest Fire

Strongly interacting species that has a large effect on energy flow and community structure.

It is disproportionate to its abundance or biomass.

Predation or disease can cause gradual replacement of a species over time.

A dominant species that influences its community by creating, modifying or maintaining physical habitat for itself and other species.

Eg le beaver.

The "climax species" that remains unchanged as long as the sit remains undisturbed.

Eg. Shade plants in the understory as long as canopy trees provide shade.

The dominant primary producer in an ecosystem in terms of abundance and influence.

Eg, Kelp forest feeding all other lifeforms.

The reflecting power of a surface.

Eg. Icy snow in the arctic has a higher albedo than black asphalt.

A community, together with its non-living environment.

Eg A stand of trees, soil, rocks, bugs, plants animals, is a different ecosystem than a meadow right next to it.

A broad, regional complex of ecosystems.

Eg. Arctic tundra, western interior forest, shrub steppes, pacific coastal forest.

Continental Polar (cold, dry)

Marine Polar (cool, wet)

Marine tropical (hot, wet)

Continental tropical (hot, dry)

PE: the physical environment that an organism experiences

Habitat: Area that is inhabited by an organism

Physical and functional role of an organism within an ecosystem.

Where the thing is and what it does there.

Emigration - individuals move OUT OF a population

Immigration - individuals moving INTO a population

Migration - Patterns of movement between areas in the home-range cycle.

Cooperation - Sharing some effort and rewards with neighbors

Competition - taking the largest share of resources from neighbors

Consumerism - Eating the neighbors.

Relationship between two species in which both benefit

Eg Clarks nutcracker and whitebark pike

Lichen (fungi and algae)

Myccorhizae

an interaction that is mutally detrimental to both participants.

Chemical

Consumptive

Encounter

Overgrowth

Pre-emptive

Territorial

One species eats another

Predation

Parasitism

Herbivory

Genet

Ramet

Genet: A group of individuals.

Eg. A CLUSTER of trees

Ramet: The individual in a group.

Eg. Just one tree in the cluster.

Heritable Traits

Traits necessary to Survival

There must be Environment Restrictions

There must be Competiton

One of two or more forms of a gene that result in the production of different versions of the protein that the gene encodes.

Eg. Different hair colors as a result of different allele genes.