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| The scientific relationship between organisms and their environment |
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Studies the response of an organism to its abiotic environment
Ex./ temp, moisture, light, nutrient, etc. |
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| Investigates interspecific differences in responses to abiotic environment |
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| Interacting organisms of all species in a given area |
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| Studies interspecific interactions and the results of these, such as diversity and species composition |
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| Organisms of the same species |
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| Organisms of different species |
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| Group of individuals of the same species inhabiting a given area |
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| Study interactions with conspecific organism and the result of these interactions: numbers of individuals and the underlying processes (ex./ birth rates |
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| Study of changes in population genetics in response to evolutionary processes, particularly natural selection |
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| All organisms and abiotic components of a habitat (Ex./ pond, meadow) |
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| Studies the effect of organism on the abiotic component: FLUX OF ENERGY AND MATERIAL CYCLES |
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| Climatically controlled large-scale biological unit with characteristic vegetation type and associated animal species Ex./ Grassland |
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| The part of Earth's volume that is occupied by living organisms |
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| Any heritable behavioural, morphological or physiological trait, evolved by natural selection that maintains or increases fitness of the organism |
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| Proportionate contribution of an individual to future generation |
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| Describes the process whereby not closely related organisms independently acquire similar characteristics while evolving under similar environmental conditions |
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| occurs when organisms of common ancestry diverge over evolutionary time as they are exposed to different environmental conditions |
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| biotic community and abiotic environment functioning as a system |
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| Through photosynthesis the fix the energy of sunlight and CO2 to sugar |
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| Some organisms require other organism for their energy needs |
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| The amount of energy the producers (mostly plants) are able to fix |
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| Autotrophs (CO2 to energy) |
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| Assimilate CO2 into organic molecules and living tissue |
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| Use solar energy to convert CO2 in organic molecules in photosynthesis |
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| Use energy derived from oxidation of inorganic molecules such as S or Sh2 to convert CO2 into organic molecules in photosynthesis |
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| a reduction of photosynthesis during the hottest hours of a day caused by closing of stomata in order to save water |
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| total leaf area per projected ground area, expresses how well the vegetation uses available sunlight |
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| Helps a given genotype or species to acclimate to certain environmental conditions in a short term (adjustment) |
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| Copper-containing oxidase enzyme in many plants, play a role in the formation of lignin |
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| Loss of water vapour from plants, mostly via stomata |
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| Combo of eval. and transpiration |
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| Using organic matter as a source for energy (ATP) by all organisms, mostly upon release of CO2 |
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| Crassulacean Acid Metabolism |
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| Malfunctioning of the carbon-fixing enzyme RUBSICO, instead of adding CO2 to sugar, an O2 is added (pronounced at high temps and low CO2 concentration) |
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| What is cytosol composed of? |
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| The boundary or transitional zone between adjacent communities or biomes |
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| Mixed deuduous, boreal and deuduous hardwood |
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a biogeographical region or formation characterized by distinctive life forms
Ex./Tundra, tropical rainforest, etc |
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Feed on plants
Ex./ Fungi |
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| mostly protein, fat and hydroxyopatile (Ca3(PO4)2) |
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| Grazers: What they eat and example |
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| grasses and herbs (slugs) |
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| Browsers: What they eat and example |
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| Leaves of trees and shrubs (deer) |
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| Frugivores: What they eat and example |
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| fruit, without damaging seed (bees) |
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| Granivores: What they eat and example |
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| seeds, nuts and grains (squirrels) |
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| Sap-Suckers: What they eat and example |
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| wood (have wood decomposing yeast in their guts) |
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| Marine isopods with ability to digest cellulose |
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| Mixed diet (depends on season) |
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| Rate at which solar energy is stored by photosynthetic activity (unit dry mass production per area + time) |
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| Grass Primary Productivity |
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| Total rate of photosynthesis |
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| Energy and matter available for consumers |
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| Rate at which nitrate, ammonium and other nutrient ions are set free from decomposing organic matter |
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| Productive ecosystem with a high nutrient availability |
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| Intermediate nutrient availability |
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| Nutrient poor ecosystem with a low productivity |
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| Nutrient enrichment is caused by humans and plants use this oppurtunity |
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| max number of organisms of a given species (consumers) that be supported in a given area- depends on net primary production |
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| production of tissue by heterotrophic organisms, including their offspring |
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| Net Production Efficiency |
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| Gross Production Efficiency |
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| Gain heat from the environment (variable body temp) |
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| produce their own heat (constant body temp) |
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| Ecological Pyramid (top to bottom) |
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| Tertiary consumers, secondary consumers, primary consumers, producers |
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| consumer effect in primary producers |
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