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| a principle that states that the geological processes that operate today also operated in the past |
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| the process of wearing down and carrying away rocks |
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| the process that breaks down rock and other substances |
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| a type of weathering in which rock is physically broken down into smaller pieces. |
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| the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes |
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| refers to the weathering away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity |
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| the process of rock being forced apart by water seeping into cracks in rock, freezing, and expanding the rock |
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| iron combining with oxygen in the presence of water |
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| when a material is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it |
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| loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow |
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| the solid layer of rock beneath the soil |
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| a dark-colored substance that forms as plants and animal remains decay |
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| a measure of how well soil supports plant growth |
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| soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt |
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| measures the acidity of a substance |
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| a layer of soil that differs in color, texture, and composition from the layers above or below it. |
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| a crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other materials |
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| usually consists of clay and other particles of rock, but little humus |
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| organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals |
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| anything in the environment that humans use |
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| the management of soil to limit its destruction |
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| a farmer plants different crops in a field each year |
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| farmers plow their fields along the curves of a slope instead of in straight rows |
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| dead weeds and stalks of the previous year's crop are plowed into the ground to help return soil nutrients, retain moisture, and hold soil in place. |
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