Term
| Layers of different rock types layered one on top of another in many different formations in the Earth's crust are relative evidence that |
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Definition
| the world's surface is constantly being recycled. |
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Term
| The Law of Gravity and the Law of Superposition may seem to contradict each other when |
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Definition
| a younger bed containing more massive sediment is found above an older bed with less massive sediment. |
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Term
| Nicholas Steno was a pioneer in the field of Geology because he formally proposed |
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Definition
| Principles of Stratigraphy still in use today. |
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Term
| Sediments being transported by streams and deposited on lake bottoms are best representative of the |
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Definition
| Principle of Uniformitarianism. |
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Term
| While hiking, you and some friends run across an exposed bed of sedimentary rock that has obviously been affected by the forces of tilting, such as those involved in mountain building events. What information would suggest that the partially exposed fossils in the middle sediment layer are from the Jurassic Period (200-146 mya)? |
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Definition
| mountain building events ended in the Triassic period, which preceded the Jurassic Period. |
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Term
Referring to the photo: according to the Law of Cross-Cutting, the
[image] |
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Definition
| granite intrusions are the youngest feature in this diagram, because they cut across the other rock formations. |
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Term
In places where layers of rocks are contorted, the relative ages of the layers may be difficult to determine. However, you could identify the relative age of the fossils in the strata at the end of the pointer if you knew
[image] |
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Definition
| the order in which the sediments were originally deposited. |
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Term
Which statement about this diagram is correct?
[image] |
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Definition
| You would expect to find fossils of the same age in stratum ?c? in both plates. |
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Term
According to the Law of Horizontality the oldest rock layer in this image would most likely be the
[image] |
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Definition
| layer at the bottom, because it appears no uplift has occurred. Question Number 8 |
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Term
To identify this rock sample, indicated by the pointer in the image, paleontologists would need to use the same age fossils from
[image] |
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Definition
| strata deposited at the same time in another location. |
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Term
| The correct description of an isotope is |
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Definition
| An isotope has different forms of a single element with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons. |
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Term
| To become preserved as a fossil, an organism must |
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Definition
| have preservable hard parts, be buried in sediment and escape physical, chemical, and biological destruction after burial. |
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Term
| The shells of invertebrates and single-celled organisms, as well as vertebrate bones and teeth may |
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Definition
| be preserved unchanged, in their original chemical composition |
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Term
| The law of Faunal (or fossil) Succession complements the law of superposition because |
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Definition
| fossils in sequence of absolute age support the relative dating of rock strata. Also, geologists can know different rocks are the same age, if they contain the same fossils. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs spontaneously in radioactive isotopes and at a constant rate specific to each isotope. |
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Term
| Any dead material incorporated with sedimentary deposits is a possible candidate for carbon-14 dating because |
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Definition
| all living things contain carbon-14. |
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Term
| Transitional and deep marine environments are favorable for fossil formation because |
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Definition
| the rate of sediment deposition tends to be higher than in shallower marine or river environments. |
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Term
| William Smith's discoveries revolutionized modern Geology because |
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Definition
| his careful study revealed relationships between types of sediments and fossil specimens. Also, his careful study revealed that fossils succeed one another in a definite order. |
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Term
| Radiometric clocks are "set" when |
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Definition
| an organism dies, an igneous rock solidifies from magma, a sedimentary rock layer is deposited, or a metamorphic rock cools off. |
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Term
| Where are you likely to find particles that are ionized which can create auroras? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is produced in Earth's upper atmosphere when radiation from the Sun interacts with oxygen gas (O2) in the upper stratosphere. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Earth's great bodies of water are referred to as energy reservoirs because |
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Definition
| thermohaline currents transport heat deeper into the ocean layers |
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Term
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Definition
| is a measure of the amount of atmospheric water vapor |
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Term
| The specific heat of a material is a measure of |
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Definition
| the amount of heat required to raise one gram of a substance 1°C |
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Term
| Which of the following gases is the most abundant in our atmosphere today? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxygen (O2) was not present in Earth's second atmosphere over 4.5 billion years ago. |
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Definition
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Term
| The enormous heat capacity of the Earth's oceans is due to |
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Definition
| its specific heat and mass |
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Term
| What are isobar lines found on a weather map? |
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Definition
| An isobar indicates the barometric pressure of every surface location along the line. Isobar lines that are drawn more closely together indicate greater wind speeds. Isobar lines never intersect. |
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Term
| Severe weather conditions are more likely associated with |
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Definition
| lift produced by the steepness of cold fronts as they overtake warm air masses |
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Term
| Altitude affects the atmospheric pressure of 14.7 psi. |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| are found aloft at the boundaries of large contrasting air masses |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer energy in liquids and gases, involve random mixing of particles in liquids and gases, and involve particles carrying heat energy from one place to another. |
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Term
| When energy is absorbed by a substance, the particles in the substance might experience an increase in average kinetic energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| An increase in solar winds will have no affect on the ionosphere. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following instruments measures air pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| When heat energy is released by a substance, |
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Definition
| the kinetic energy of a substance decreases. |
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Term
| Plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic molecules |
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Definition
| used by living organisms for chemical energy. |
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Term
| Global warming is caused by _______ and increases the ________. |
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Definition
| too many greenhouse gases in the troposphere; amount of heat energy retained near Earth's surface. |
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Term
| Ocean waters near the equator develop currents that carry warm water to areas of the Earth that do not receive as much energy from the Sun. What process makes this transport of warm water possible? |
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Definition
| convection circulating the upper layers of the ocean. |
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Term
| Warm air is ________ than cold air, and moist air is _________ than dry air. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mountain ranges exert a _________ effect on moist air that is forced up and over them. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following gases are considered "greenhouse gases", gases that trap energy from the Sun, making our planet warmer than it would be otherwise? |
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Definition
| Water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide. |
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Term
| The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nuclear energy is not a renewable energy source. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide when they undergo combustion reactions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lake Effect snow occurs when |
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Definition
| a cold air mass passes over a warm body of water, picks up moisture, rises and forms snow clouds, and drops snow on the downwind shore. |
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Term
| Why does the air over water heat up more slowly than the air over land? |
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Definition
| Because water has a higher specific heat than land. |
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Term
| The rotation of the Earth causes the apparent deflection of air masses across the planet's surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| Wind is a sideways motion of air, where an area of higher pressure moves fluids to an area of |
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Definition
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Term
| During the winter months in the United States, the subpolar (midlatitude) jet stream causes cold air to travel from the |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following factors does not affect the circulation of atmosphere here on Earth? |
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Definition
| The motion of cool air masses generated from the equator. |
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Term
| Which winds on our planet move toward the equator from the northern and the southern hemispheres? |
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Definition
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Term
| The farther air molecules are from one another, the ________ the density. |
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Definition
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