Term
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Definition
| Short-term state of the atmosphere at a given time or place |
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Term
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Definition
| Sum of all weather info that describes a place or region. Long-Term weather. |
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| 6 Basic Elements of Weather |
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Definition
| Temperature of Air, Humidity, Type and Amount of Cloudiness, Type and Amount of Precipitation, Air Pressure, Speed and Direction of Wind |
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| Changes on Earth's atmosphere and surfaces |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Gaseous portion of any planet/ we often call "air" |
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Definition
| Nitrogen 78%, Oxygen 21%, gases 1% - can be affected |
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Definition
| Water Vapor-forms clouds, Fine Particles-smoke,dust,pollen, germs,etc., Pressure |
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Definition
| 1013.25 millibars or 29.92 inches of mercury |
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Definition
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Definition
| Bottom layer of atmosphere. 7.5 miles thick. Has the highest pressure. |
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| Troposphere Normal Lapse Rate |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Actual change in temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| thinning of the layer of ozone gas (O₃) in the stratosphere. Blocks out 95% of UV from sun. |
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| Affects of Ozone Depletion |
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Definition
| Increase skin cancer, blindness, weakening immune systems |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by CFC's chlorofluorocarbons |
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Term
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Definition
| Banned the use of CFC's in all countries |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| June 21st N. H. (Longest Day, shortest night) |
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Definition
| December 21st N.H. (Shortest Day, longest night) |
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Definition
| September 21st Day and Night are 12 hours |
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Definition
| March 21st Day and Night have 12 hours |
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Term
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Definition
| reflectivity of an object Earth is 30% |
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Term
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Definition
| Land heats and cools quickly |
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Term
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Definition
| Water does not cool or heat quickly, causing a lag in weather |
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Term
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Definition
| Higher you go, colder it gets |
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Term
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Definition
| When water changes state, environment around it is cooled or warmed |
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Term
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Definition
| Solid to Liquid - cooling Process |
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Term
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Definition
| Liquid to Solid - heating process |
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Term
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Definition
| Liquid to Gas - cooling process |
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Term
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Definition
| Gas to Liquid - heating process |
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Term
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Definition
| solid to gas - cooling process |
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Term
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Definition
| gas to solid - heating process |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of water vapor in the air |
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Term
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Definition
| Ratio of mass of Water Vapor to the mass of air it is in (Not affected by Temperature) Ex. 20g/kg |
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Term
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Definition
| Ratio of mass of Water Vapor to the volume of air it is in (Not affected by Temperature) Ex. 4g/m³ |
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| Temperature affect on WV Capacity |
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Definition
| When the Temperature is increased, Water Vapor is increased. Vice Versa. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ratio of how much Water Vapor is in the air, relative to the amount it would take to saturate. (Strongly affected by Temperature(inversely proportional)) Ex: 75% |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Uses tables and WB/DB to determine RH and dew point |
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Term
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Definition
| cause by Adiabatic Temperature Change - Gas expands it cools, when compressed it warms. Air expands as it rises, once it reaches saturation, condensation occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extremely tiny droplets of water, or ice crystals if below freezing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Air is forced up and over mountains |
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Term
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Definition
| Where could air meets warm air, the warm air is forced up and over cold air. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Sun heats the surface and the heated air about it rises (Thermals) |
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Term
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Definition
| When winds from two directions meet, the only way to go is up. |
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Term
| Collision-Coalescence Process |
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Definition
| Tiny droplets collide and grow, then fall and collide with other droplets, eventually becoming rain drops. |
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Term
| Three types of Liquid PPT |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ice crystals or aggregates of crystals |
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Definition
| water droplets freeze as they fall |
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Definition
| Caused in a cumulonimbus by wind rotation, gets larger with each trip until it becomes to large for winds to hold aloft. Large pieces of ice precipitate |
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Term
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Definition
| Deposits of ice crystals that form on cold surfaces. Glaze forms when rain freezes as it hits a surface. Black Ice |
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Term
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Definition
| Falling indicates cloudy and rain, Rising normally indicates clearing conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by a horizontal difference in pressure. Air flows from HP to LP |
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Term
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Definition
| expands, less dense, pressure goes down |
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Term
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Definition
| contracts, becomes more dense, and pressure goes up |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure Gradient Forces, Coriolis Effect, Friction |
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Term
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Definition
| create wind, greater the gradient, the stronger the wind |
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Term
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Definition
| lines connect areas of equal pressure/used to show pressure on maps (Spacing indicates change over distance) |
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Term
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Definition
| deviation of wind by Earth's rotation (Wind deflects to right in N.H. and left in S.H. |
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Term
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Definition
| affects wind that moves over surfaces. (Slows air flow down, more so over land.) High Level winds are faster due to lack of friction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed by Lows, Air flows into low pressure, convergence inflow |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed by Highs, air flows out of high pressure, divergence - moving apart |
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Term
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Definition
| There are 3 cells in each hemisphere (Hadley Cell -Tradewinds, Ferrel Cell - Westerlies, Polar Cells - Polar Easterlies) |
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Term
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Definition
| Near Equator moist air goes up produces lots of rain. Air moves poleward and sings around 20-30 degrees |
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Term
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Definition
| Air gently goes up at equator, causing a cessation in navigation winds. Air warms adiabatically and sinks around 30 degrees |
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Term
| Sub Tropical Highs (Horse Lats) |
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Definition
| Adiabatic warm air from equator sinks here, all water is gone. (Great Deserts at STH) air flows out of STH |
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Term
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Definition
| STH wind is affected by Coriolis effect directed toward equator |
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Term
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Definition
| STH wind affected by Coriolis effect directed toward the poles |
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Term
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Definition
| Air moves toward the equator and produces Polar Easterlies |
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Term
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Definition
| Very large parcels of air that move across surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| line where two surfaces meet. |
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Term
| Air Mass classification by Source Region |
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Definition
| Polar - cold and develop at High Lats, Tropical - Warm and Develop at Low Lats |
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| Air Mass classification by Surface over |
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Definition
| Maritime - humid and develop over water, Continental- dry and form over land |
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Term
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Definition
| cP-continental Polar (dry-cold), cT - continental Tropical (dry-warm), mP-maritime Polar (Wet - cold), mT- maritime Tropical (wet - warm) |
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Term
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Definition
| When warm air moves into cool air (Red Line) |
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Term
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Definition
| When cool air moves into warm air (Blue Line) |
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Term
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Definition
| Air masses move parallel to each other |
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Term
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Definition
| develop when cold air overtakes and twists under warmer air (Purple Line) can create mid-lat cyclones |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces lightning, heavy rain, winds, sometimes hail or tornados |
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Term
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Definition
| Cumulus Stage - air moves up, continued supply of moisture, grows quickly, condensation warms air in Cloud. - Pulls air in strong updrafts |
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Term
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Definition
| PPT begins and strong downdrafts develop, these created by rain falling through the air. |
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Term
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Definition
| Strong downdrafts suck cold air into top of cloud. Cools off/stops growing - Updrafts stop, rains out. |
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Term
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Definition
| Violent wind storms, extend down from cumulonimbus cloud to the ground as a vortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure inside is very low, which sucks in air, air spirals upward into cloud |
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Term
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Definition
| Average is 110mph, 300mph at times |
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Term
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Definition
| Average is 500 feet wide, 250-2000 ft range |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the funnel cloud is a tapered column of water droplets that extends downward from the base of the parent cloud. |
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Term
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Definition
| Along rapid moving cold fronts in spring and summer |
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Term
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Definition
| Based on damage and approximate Wind Speed F0<116km/hr F5>419km/hr |
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Term
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Definition
| Conditions are appropriate for tornados, lasts for a few hours |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Tropical Cyclones (Hurricanes) |
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Definition
| large storm that forms when there is low enough pressure. Air travels quick and spirals up. Waters must be over 80 degrees F |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Wind speeds between 38-74mph |
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Term
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Definition
| Wind speeds at or above 74mph and rotary motion |
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Term
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Definition
| June to November, but largely in the fall |
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Term
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Definition
| South Atlantic and Eastern South Pacific, due to cold waters off coasts |
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Term
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Definition
| Center of Hurricane, no rain |
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Term
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Definition
| Form between 5 and 20 degrees N and S latitudes, but can move into higher lats. Can't be rotation in doldrums, water too cool above 20 degrees |
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Term
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Definition
| Measures hurricanes Cat I P>980mb WS 119-153mph Cat 5 P<920mb WS>250 mph |
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Term
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Definition
| Wind, Inland Flooding and Storm Surge |
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Term
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Definition
| Responsible for most deaths and property damage. Wall of water that gets pushed up in front of eye. |
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Term
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Definition
| When warm water supply is cut off, friction over land can slow wind, and upper level winds can also weaken them. |
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Definition
| The heating of the atmosphere when infrared radiation is trapped by "greenhouse" gases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Water, CO2, Methane (CH4), NO2, and CFCs , HFCs |
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Term
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Definition
| Rise of temperature of Earth's atmosphere, due to humans |
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Term
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Definition
| Large scale changes in regional climates, Disruption of Ecosystems, Spread of Tropical Disease, Reduced crop yields, Loss of water supply by ice melts, raising of sea level |
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