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| Study of the universe beyond the earth. |
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| Thick blanket of gases surrounding the earth. |
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| Low levels of energy evenly distributed throughout the universe. |
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| Theory that all matter and energy in the universe was compressed into an extremely small volume that suddenly, billions of year ago, began expanding in all directions. |
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| Able to be broken down into component parts by microorganisms. |
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| Ecosystem encompassing all the life on earth and the physical environment that supports it. |
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| Apparent shift in the wave length of energy, such as a sound moving away from or toward an observer. |
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| Study of the earth and the universe around it. |
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| Study of the complex relationships between living things and their environment. |
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| Substance that has a characteristic set of physical and chemical properties. |
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| Process by which a scientific procedure is carried out according to certain guidelines. |
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| Study of the origin, history, and structure of the solid earth and the processes that shape it. |
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| Possible explanation of a problem that is based on facts. |
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| Comparison of a property of an object or phenomenon with a standard unit. |
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| Study of the earth's atmosphere. |
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| Act of using the senses to gather information. |
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| Study of the earth's oceans. |
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| Contamination of the environment with waste products or impurities. |
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| Rule that correctly describes a natural phenomenon. |
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| Organized, logical approaches to scientific research. |
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| Instrument that splits white light into a band of colors. |
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| Band of the various colors of light. |
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| Hypothesis or set of hypotheses supported by the results of experimentation and observation. |
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| Factor in an experiment that can be changed. |
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| Distance between wave crests. |
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| Point in the orbit of a planet at which the planet is farthest from the sun. |
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| Beginning of the fall season. |
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| Imaginary straight line running through the earth from pole to pole. |
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| Center of a planetary body, such as the earth. |
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| Outermost zone of the solid earth. |
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| System in which clocks are set one hour ahead of standard time from April to October. |
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| Orbit directly above the earth's equator and moving in the direction of the earth's rotation. |
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| Force of attraction between all matter in the universe. |
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| Line running from north to south through the Pacific Ocean where the date changes from one day to the next. |
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| Principle that the force of attraction between two objects depends on the masses and the distance between the objects. |
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| A region of space that is affected by the earth's magnetic field. |
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| Zone of rock beneath the earth's crust. |
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| The Mohorovicic discontinuity boundary between the earth's crust and mantle. |
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| Point in the orbit of a planet at which it is closest to the sun. |
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| Orbit that passes over the earth's North & South poles. |
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| Slow circular motion of the earth's axis as it turns in space that traces a circle in space every 26,000 years. |
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| Movement of a planet around the sun. |
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| Spinning of a planet on its axis. |
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| Object in orbit around a body with a larger mass. |
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| Vibration that travels through the earth. |
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| Locatio on the earth's surface where no seismic waves or only P-waves can be detected. |
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| One of 24 regions of the earth in which noon is set as the time when the sun is highest over the center of the region. |
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| Map projection in which the meridians converge at the poles; they appear as equally spaced, concentric curves. |
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| Difference in elevation between one contour line and the next. |
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| Line on a map connecting points with the same elevation. |
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| Point on the earth's surface above a pole of the earth's imaginary internal magnet. |
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| Map projection in which the parallels appear as unevenly spaced concentric circles, the meridians appear as straight lines radiating from a central point, and all other great circles. |
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| Any circle that divides the globe in half. |
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| Every fifth contour line on a topographic map that is printed bolder for reference. |
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| Angular distance north or south of the equator. |
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| List of map symbols and their meanings. |
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| Angular distance north or south of the equator. |
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| Angle between the direction of the earth's geographic pole and the direction in which a compass needle points. |
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| Flat map that represents a three-dimensional figure. |
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| Point midway between the highest and lowest tide levels of the ocean. |
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| Map projection in which the meridians appear as straight, parallel, and evenly spaced lines. |
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| Semicircle on the earth that runs from pole to pole. |
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| Any circle that runs east and west around the earth parallel to the equator. |
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| Map made by fitting together a series of conic projections of adjoining areas. |
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| The meridian that passes through Greenwich, England, designated as 0° |
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| Difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points of an area. |
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| Relationship between distance shown on a map and actual distance. |
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| Map that shows surface features of the earth. |
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| Surface features of the earth. |
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| Direction of the geographic North Pole |
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