Term
| A brittle substance characteristically has |
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Definition
| a narrow span between the elastic limit and the plastic limit. |
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Term
| The following would hinder the formation of fractures in rocks |
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Definition
| high confining stress or uniform stress |
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Term
| The essential conditions controlling the relative importance of brittle properties versus ductile properties of rocks are |
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Definition
| temperature, type of stress, rate of application of stress, and composition of rocks |
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Term
| Rapid application of stress on rocks over a short period of time would most likely result in which type of behavior |
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Definition
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Term
| Slow application of stress on rocks over a long period of time would most likely result in which type of behavior |
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Definition
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Term
| Many shallow earthquakes with low magnitudes occur at lower crust or near transition between crust and mantle. The properties of rocks at these places are most likely to be |
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Definition
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Term
| The formation of reverse faults is due to |
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Definition
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Term
| Rocks that are ductile tend to be associated with |
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Definition
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Term
| The San Andreas fault is an example of |
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Definition
| right-lateral strike slip fault |
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Term
| In an anticline the limbs dip |
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Definition
| away from the axial trace and the oldest rocks are at the center |
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Term
| In a syncline the limbs dip |
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Definition
| toward the axial trace and the youngest rocks are at the center |
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Term
| Rock layers exposed to surface in a zig-zag manner would imply the presence of |
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Definition
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Term
| The East African rift and other major rifts are a result of |
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Definition
| an extension of the crust |
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Term
| The topography of the Basin and Range Province that encompasses Nevada and portions of the surrounding states has been generated by a system of north to south trending |
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Definition
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Term
| The black hills of western South Dakota is a |
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Definition
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Term
| In rocks, joints with orientations nearly perpendicular to the surface can be produced by |
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Definition
| tensional stresses when rocks in the crust are folded |
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Term
| Loch Ness, the home of a mythical monster, in Scotland is situated on a |
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Definition
| left-lateral strike-slip fault |
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Term
| In an area, the same rocks appearing in the form of parallel ridges would imply |
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Definition
| a series of folds with their axes nearly horizontal |
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Term
| Mass movements occur when |
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Definition
| shearing stress exceeds frictional resistance or shear strength |
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Term
| All else being equal, as slope steepness increases, the shearing stress of a material |
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Definition
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Term
| Which one of the following conditions would least likely cause mass movements on a steep slope |
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Definition
| reduction in pore pressure |
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Term
| Of all the different terms that have commonly used for mass wasting processes, which one of the following conveys the least amount of information about the mass wasting process |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The Vaiont Reservoir disaster was caused by |
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Definition
| a landslide triggered by excessive rainfall creating an imbalance between shear stress and shear strength of a body of materials |
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Term
| Soil creep is often triggered by |
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Definition
| alternate wetting and drying of the materials |
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Term
| The rate of motion of a slide is commonly related to |
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Definition
| the weight of the material |
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Term
| Scarp formation is associated with |
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Definition
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Term
| The risk of a landslide on an unstable, steep slope can be reduced by all of the following except |
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Definition
| by installing numerous holes on the slope material |
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Term
| Signs of creep include all of these except |
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Definition
| accumulation of talus at the base of slope |
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Term
| Signs of creep include all of these except |
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Definition
| accumulation of talus at the base of slope |
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Term
| The possibility of mass wasting should be investigated on a site |
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Definition
| with all of the indications mentioned |
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Term
| The following land feature is produced from flow of water-saturated debris over impermeable later |
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Definition
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Term
| How does construction destabilize a slope |
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Definition
| adds weight to the top of the slope |
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Term
| Submarine slope failures or landslides on continental slopes and delta fronts could be initiated by any of these except |
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Definition
| low internal water pressure from slow deposition of sediment |
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Term
| The most giant landslides occur in the following region |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The water table separates |
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Definition
| the zone of aeration from the underlying zone of saturation |
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Term
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Definition
| in general moves very rapidly through pore spaces of materials in the subsurface |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs whenever there is a localized aquiclude within an aquifer |
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Term
| Karst topography is characterized by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Artesian ground-water systems are characterized by |
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Definition
| rise of water above the level of a confined aquifer if a well is drilled into the aquifer |
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Term
| The water table near a large pumping well |
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Definition
| assumes a cone of depression |
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Term
| One of the following is always a poor aquifer |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The rate of flow of much of shallow ground water is generally on the order of |
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Definition
| centimeters or may be one or two meters per day |
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Term
| Hard water contains relatively large amounts of |
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Definition
| calcium and magnesium ions |
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Term
| Darcy's law basically states that |
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Definition
| the volume of ground water flowing in a specified amount of time is proportional to the vertical drop in the height of the water table between two points divided by the horizontal distance between the two points |
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Term
| Caves form in a terrain or region where the rocks are essentially |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Stalactites and stalagmites form as drops of water from the ceiling of a cave |
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Definition
| lose dissolved carbon dioxide by entering into the cave with the atmospheric air |
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Term
| Stalagmites and stalactites are made up of |
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Definition
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Term
| If an excessive pumping of ground water in a coastal area lowers the water table at a locality by 0.5 meters the contact between the fresh ground water and the salty ground water in the locality will |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The leaning of the Pisa tower in Italy was caused by |
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Definition
| consolidation of the ground material by rapid ground water depletion |
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Term
| Which rock type among the following would make the best aquifer |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The permeability of a rock system depends on several things except |
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Definition
| thickness of the rock system |
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Term
| Development of geysers requires that |
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Definition
| the ground water partly be heated at a temperature above boiling and partly with a cap of a layer of cold water within a reservoir that offers limited convective mixing of the water |
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Term
| The steepest portion of a stream's longitudinal profile is located |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Stream competence is measured by |
|
Definition
| the largest particle size that the stream can transport in its bed load |
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Term
| The discharge of a stream increases as |
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Definition
| velocity, width, and depth increases |
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Term
| Active erosion in a meander takes place |
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Definition
| along the outer bank of a bend |
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Term
| Flow around a meander results in erosion on one ban, but deposition on the other bank marked by the formation of a |
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Definition
|
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Term
| After a tributary has joined a major stream, the unified stream immediately below the confluence must have |
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Definition
| higher velocity than the major stream |
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Term
| The ratio of dissolved chemical load to sediment load in a stream may increase by |
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Definition
| an increase in vegetation in the drainage basin |
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Term
| Which one of the following is the most abundant chemical group in major rivers of the world |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The two most abundant dissolved chemical components of river waters come essentially from dissolution of |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| deposition of coarse sediment as velocity decreases abruptly for water that spills over the banks |
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Term
| An incised meander is an indication of |
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Definition
| a lowering of the base level of erosion |
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Term
| Which of the following is an example of local or regional base level of erosion |
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Definition
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Term
| The construction of a dam across a river would cause |
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Definition
| the river to produce more bank erosions downstream from the dam |
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Term
| River terraces can be the result of |
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Definition
| periodic drops in the base level of erosion |
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Term
| A "misfit" river could be an indication that |
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Definition
| the river has been a victim of stream piracy, and a climatic shift to a relatively drier condition has occurred in the region |
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Term
| A braided channel develops due to |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The floodplain development for urban growth leads to |
|
Definition
| frequent flooding from a decrease in the lag time between rainfall and cresting of the river |
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Term
| A dendritic drainage pattern implies that |
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Definition
| the area is underlain by undeformed rocks that have nearly uniform resistance to erosion |
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Term
| A trellis drainage pattern implies that |
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Definition
| the area is underlain by a sequence of hard and soft rocks that are highly folded |
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Term
| Distributaries are located in which part of a stream system |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| An extensive delta growth is influenced by |
|
Definition
| considerable uplifting of and heavy rainfall in the drainage basin |
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Term
| Waters in most rivers in the world are fresh waters with total dissolved solid contents of |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Total dissolved solids of global average river is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which one of the following is not a major dissolved chemical component of average river water |
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Definition
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Term
| Which one of the following is the second most abundant dissolved chemical component of average river water |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which one of the following is the least abundant chemical component of global river water |
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Definition
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