Term
| After Elizabeth died, who took possession of the English throne? |
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Definition
| James I. The son of Mary, Queen of Scots |
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Term
| What were James I main problems during his reign? |
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Definition
Parliament: James I believed that kings had a divine right to rule
Money: He was in debt
Religion: He didn't want a Presbyterian Church |
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Term
| Who created the Authorized Version of the Bible? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Gunpowder Plot? |
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Definition
| A group of Catholics planned to blow up the king and both Houses of Parliament and seize power. However, this plan was frustrated and Catholics were driven into hiding again by public hatred. |
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Term
| What was James I position in the Thirty Years War? |
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Definition
| James hoped to help the Protestant cause by diplomacy by marrying his son Charles to the daughter of the king of Spain (Catholic). This failed and war against Spain was waged. |
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Term
| What was Parliament reaction when Charles I asked them money for war against Spain? |
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Definition
| They voted a small sum of money and reduced tonnage and poundage for a year, instead of for life. |
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Term
| What did Charles I do when Parliament voted little money for war against Spain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Charles I summon another Parliament and what happened? |
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Definition
| The expedition against Cadiz was a failure and Charles was almost bankrupt, so he summoned Parliament to get more money. The king blamed the Commons of his failure but they blamed Charles' favourite and wanted to impeach him. Charles dissolved Parliament again. |
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Term
| How did Charles I get money for the Rhé expedition? |
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Definition
| He used his prerogative powers and ordered the gentry to lend him the amount of money that Parliament should have voted, and he raised troops who were billeted on private householders. |
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Term
| What was the Petition of Right? |
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Definition
| It was a document drafted in 1628 by the Commons which defined the rights of the crown. It asked 'that no man be compelled to make or yield any gift, loan... or suchlike charge, without common consent by Act of Parliament. It was signed by Charles I |
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Term
| Did Charles change his ways after the Petition of Right? |
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Definition
| No. He continued to collect tonnage and poundage without Parliament’s consent. This led to Parliament thinking that he had broken the fundamental laws of the constitution, although Charles only recognized his divine right to rule. |
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Term
| How did Bukingham's death affect Charles I? |
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Definition
| Buckingham was Charles I favourite, so when he was murdered, the king regarded Elliot and his followers in the Common as the real murderers. He held himself freed from the promises in the Petition of Rights, he refused to compromise anymore and decided not to tone down his religious policy. |
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Term
| How did Puritans react to Laud's imposition of a standard pattern of worship on the Anglican clergy? |
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Definition
| Many Puritans sailed to America in the Mayflower and founded the first Puritan Colony in New England. |
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Term
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Definition
| Charles I ordered seaport towns to provide ships or the equivalent in money on the grounds that pirates were making the sea unsafe for English shipping. He demanded Ship Money in 1634 and 1635. This was regarded by property owners as a permanent tax not voted in Parliament. |
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Term
| Why did Laud prepare a new prayer book for the Scottish Church? What happened with it? |
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Definition
| Laud tried to bring the Scottish Church under his control by preparing a new prayer book. However, when the new service was used, a riot broke out because it was associated to the Mass. The whole of Scotland went up in arms to defend the Presbyterian system of worship. |
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Term
| How did the Bishop's war end? |
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Definition
| Without a shot being fired. Charles I ran out of money before the armies met, an agreed to leave all matters to be settled by a new Scottish Parliament and general assembly of the Scottish Church. They declared the abolition of bishops in Scotland, and ordered every Scot to sign the Covenant. |
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Term
| How did Charles I face the overthrow of his authority in Scotland brought about by the Bishop's war? |
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Definition
| He summoned Parliament. However, the Commons, led by John Pym, attacked the government for not defending the Protestant cause. Charles, realizing that he was not going to get any money, dissolved the Short Parliament and agreed to an armistice in which he had to pay the Scots. |
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Term
| Why did Charles I summon Parliament in 1640? |
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Definition
| Because he had to pay the Scottish army of occupation |
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Term
| What legal procedure did Parliament use to get rid of Strafford and Laud? |
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Definition
| They impeached them and Pym (House of Commons) introduced a bill of attainder in which they declared Strafford guilty of treason, without attempting to prove it. |
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Term
| How did Pym try to destroy the prerogative powers of the crown, by which Charles I was able to rule with no Parliament? |
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Definition
| He pushed through a bill declaring that Parliament was not to be dissolved without its own consent. |
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Term
| Who were Charles I supporters? |
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Definition
| The moderates in the Commons (under leadership of Edward Hyde) who regarded the king as the defender of the Anglican Church and inhabitants who were angry at the heavy taxes Parliament had ordered. |
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Term
| When rebellion in Ireland broke out, why did Pym resist to raise an army? |
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Definition
| Because he was afraid that those troops could be used to suppress another rebellion nearer home. |
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Term
| What was the Grand Remonstrance? |
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Definition
| It was a great complaint of property–owners against the king. It was an attack upon the Anglican Church. It demanded that bishops should be deprived of their seats in the House of Lords and that the king should choose as ministers only those men in whom Parliament had confidence. |
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Term
| What gave Parliament control of all army appointments? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were Charles I supporters in the Civil War? |
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Definition
| People who loved the Anglican Church, people who thought that political reform had gone far enough and the north and west of the country. |
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Term
| What were the two sides in Parliament at the end of the Civil War? |
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Definition
| The Presbyterians (Parliament), who wanted to replace the Anglican Church by the Presbyterian Church, and the Independents (Army), who thought every congregation should work out its own form of worship. |
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Term
| What was the Grand Council? |
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Definition
| It was a sort of Parliament formed by the army, which claimed the right to speak for the people of England. It demanded that the Long Parliament should be dissolved and that religious tolerance should be allowed for all Protestants. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of officers in the army who wanted sweeping changes. They saw no need for either a king or a House of Lords. They thought every man should have the right to vote. they wanted to end class distinction. |
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Term
| What was the Rump Parliament? |
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Definition
| It was a Parliament made up of about seventy members, most of them Independents, assembled in the Commons who claimed the full authority of Parliament. It was what was left after the purge of the House of Commons of its Presbyterian members. |
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Term
| Acting on Cromwell's order, the Rump tried the king. What happened? |
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Definition
| The king refused to accept that any court had the right to try an anointed king and didn't offer any defence. The court sentenced him a tyrant and traitor and put him to death. |
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Term
| What were the first two measures taken by the Rump? |
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Definition
| To abolish the monarchy and the House of Lords and declare England a Republic. |
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Term
| What was the Navigation Act and what were its effect? |
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Definition
| In 1651 the Rump passed an act which ordered that only English ships were to carry most of the goods imported into England. This led to war against the Dutch. |
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Term
| What did the constitution drawn up by the Army Council establish? |
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Definition
| That England was to be a Commonwealth, ruled by a Lord Protector, advised by a Council of State, with money voted by a single House of Parliament, and there was to be freedom of worship for all except Roman Catholics and Anglicans. |
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