Term
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Definition
| maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses) |
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Term
| Database Management System (DBMS) |
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Definition
| creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security |
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Term
| Query-By-Example tool (QBE) |
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Definition
| helps users graphically ensign the answer to a question against a database. One of the two primary tools for retrieving information from a DBMS |
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Term
| Structured Query Language (SQL) |
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Definition
| asks users to write lines of code to answer questions against a database. One of the two primary tools for retrieving information from a DBMS |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest or basic unit of information. Can include a customer's name, address, email, discount rate, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures |
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Term
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Definition
| provides details about data (i.e. size, resolution, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model |
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Term
Hierarchical
Network
Relational Database |
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Definition
| the three primary data models for organizing information |
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Term
| Relational Database Model |
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Definition
| stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables |
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Term
| Database Management System |
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Definition
| allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database |
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Term
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Definition
| stores information about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event |
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Term
| Attributes (Columns/Fields) |
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Definition
| the data elements associated with an entity |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of related data elements |
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Term
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Definition
| a field (or a group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given record in a table |
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Term
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Definition
| a primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables |
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Term
1. Increased Flexibility - handle changes quickly & easily
2. Increased Scalability & Performance - handle large amounts with ease
3. Reduced Information Redundancy - no duplicates
4. Increased Information Integrity (Quality) - rules and stipulations that don't allow low-quality information
5. Increased Information Security - passwords, restricted access, etc. |
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Definition
| Business Advantages of a Relational Database |
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Term
| Physical View of Information |
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Definition
| deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device |
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Term
| Logical View of Information |
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Definition
| focuses on how individual users logically access information to meet their own particular business needs |
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Term
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Definition
| the duplication of data, or the storage of the same data in multiple places |
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Term
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Definition
| rules that help ensure the quality of information |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of the quality of information |
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Term
1. Relational
2. Business Critical |
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Definition
| Two types of integrity constraints |
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Term
| Relational Integrity Constraints |
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Definition
| rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints |
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Term
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Definition
| defines how a company performs certain aspects of its business and typically results in either a yes/no or true/false answer |
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Term
| Business-Critical Integrity Constraints |
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Definition
| enforce business rules vital to a particular organization's success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints |
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Term
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Definition
| the person responsible for creating the original website content |
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Term
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Definition
| the person responsible for updating and maintaining website content |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes fixed data incapable of change in the event of a user action (content editor controls the information) |
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Term
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Definition
| includes data that change based on user actions (i.e. movie ticket ability, airline prices, or restaurant reservations) |
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Term
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Definition
| an area of a website that stores information about products in a database |
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Term
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Definition
| an interactive website kept constantly updated and reel cant to the needs of its customers using a database |
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Term
1. Web browsers are easier to use than a query
2. Web interface requires little change to the database model
3. Costs less to add a web interface than to redesign the system
4. Easier to manage content
5. Easier to store large amounts of data
6. Easy to eliminate human errors |
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Definition
| Data-Driven Website Advantages |
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Term
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Definition
| allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes |
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Term
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Definition
| takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes |
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Term
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Definition
| builds a central repository for a particular type of information |
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Term
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Definition
| the science of fact-based decision making |
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Term
1. Strategic
2. Managerial
3. Operational |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| employees develop, control, and maintain core business activities required to run the day-to-day operations. Are considered structured decisions |
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Term
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Definition
| arise in situations where established processes offer potential solutions. Are made frequently and almost repetitive in nature. |
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Term
1. Managers need to analyze large amounts of information
2. Managers must make decisions quickly
3. Managers must apply sophisticated analysis techniques to make strategic decisions |
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Definition
| Managerial Decision-Making Challenges |
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Term
1. Problem Identification
2. Data Collection
3. Solution Generation
4. Solution Test
5. Solution Selection
6. Solution Implementation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| employees are continuously evaluating company operations to hone the firm's abilities to identify, adapt to, and leverage change. make semistructured decisions |
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Term
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Definition
| occur in situations in which a few established processes help to evaluate potential solutions, but not enough to lead to a definite recommended decision |
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Term
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Definition
| managers develop overall business strategies, goals, and objectives as part of the company's strategic plan. make unstructured decisions |
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Term
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Definition
| occur in situations in which no procedures or rules exist to guide decision makers toward the correct choice. infrequent, extremely important & typically related to long-term business strategy |
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Term
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Definition
| a simplified representation or abstraction of reality. help managers calculate risks, understand uncertainty, change variables, and manipulate time to make decisions. |
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Term
| Transactional Information |
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Definition
| encompasses all the information contained within a single business process or unit of work, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of daily operational or structured decisions |
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Term
| Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) |
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Definition
the capture of transaction and event information using technology to
1. process the information according to defined business rules
2. store the information
3. update existing information to reflect the new information |
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Term
| Transaction Processing System (TPS) |
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Definition
| the basic business system that serves the operational level (analysts) and assists in making structured decisions (i.e. payroll, order entry) |
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Term
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Definition
| the original transaction record |
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Term
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Definition
| encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions. includes transactional information along with other information. |
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Term
| Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) |
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Definition
| the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making |
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Term
| Decision Support Systems (DSS) |
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Definition
| model information using OLAP, which provides assistance in evaluating and choosing among different courses of action. enable high-level managers to examine and manipulate large amounts of detailed data from different internal and external sources |
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Term
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Definition
| checks the impact of a change in a variable or assumption on the model |
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Term
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Definition
| a special case of what-if-analysis, is the study of the impact on other variables when one variable is changed repeatedly |
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Term
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Definition
| finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output (reverse of what-if and sensitivity) |
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Term
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Definition
| an extension of goal-seeking analysis, finds the optimum value for a target variable by repeatedly changing other variables, subject to specified constraints |
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Term
| Executive Information System (EIS) |
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Definition
| a specialized DSS that supports senior-level executives and unstructured, long-term, non routine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the level of detail in the model or the decision-making process |
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Term
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Definition
| a tool that tracks key performance indicators (KPIs) and critical success factors (CSFs) by compiling information from multiple sources and tailoring it to meet user needs |
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Term
1. A hot list of key performance indicators, refreshed every 15 minutes
2. A running line graph of planned versus actual production prices and inventories
3. A table showing actual versus forecasted product prices and inventories
4. A list of outstanding alerts and their resolution status
5. A graph of stock market prices |
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Definition
| Potential Features included in a dashboard designed for a manufacturing team |
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Term
1. Consolidation
2. Drill-Down
3. Slice-and-Dice |
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Definition
| Digital dashboards offer the following capabilities... |
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Term
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Definition
| the aggregation of data from simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated information (i.e. sales data for store, region, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| enables users to view details, and details of details, of information |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to look at information from different perspectives |
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Term
| Artificial Intelligence (AI) |
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Definition
| simulates human thinking and behavior, such a the ability to reason and learn |
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Term
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Definition
| various commercial applications of artificial intelligence. include sensors, software, and devices that emulate and enhance human capabilities |
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Term
1. Expert Systems
2. Neural Networks
3. Genetic Algorithms
4. Intelligent Agents
5. Virtual Reality |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems |
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Term
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Definition
| attempts to emulate the way the human brain works. analyze large quantities of information to establish patterns and characteristics in situations where the logic or rules are unknown |
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Term
1. Learning and adjusting to new circumstances on their own
2. Lending themselves to massive parallel processing
3. Functioning without complete or well-structured information
4. Coping with huge volumes of information with many dependent variables
5. Analyzing nonlinear relationships in information |
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Definition
| Features of Neural Networks |
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Term
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Definition
| a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information |
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Term
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Definition
| an artificial intelligence system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem |
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Term
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Definition
| the process within a genetic algorithm of randomly trying combinations and evaluating the success (or failure) of the outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| a special-purpose knowledge-base information system that accomplishes specific tasks on behalf of its users (i.e. shopping bot) |
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Term
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Definition
| software that will search several retailer websites and provide a comparison of each retailer's offerings including price and availability |
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Term
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Definition
| a computer-simulated environment that can be a simulation of the real world or an imaginary world |
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Term
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Definition
| the viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it |
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Term
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Definition
| maintains information about various types of objects |
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Term
| Database Management System (DBMS) |
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Definition
| creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security |
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Term
|
Definition
| the logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures |
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Term
| Relational Database Model |
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Definition
| stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables |
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Term
|
Definition
| stores information about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event (i.e. appointment) |
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Term
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Definition
| the data elements associated with an entity (i.e. address) |
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Term
1. Simple vs. Composite
2. Single-Valued vs. Multi-Valued
3. Stored vs. Derived
4. Null-Valued |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| simple cannot be broken down into a smaller component. A composite can be divided into smaller components. |
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Term
| Single-Valued vs. Multi-Valued |
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Definition
| Single-valued attribute means having only a single value of each attribute of an entity (i.e. age). Multi-valued attribute means having the potential to contain more than one value (i.e. educational degree) |
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Term
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Definition
| a derived attribute can be calculated using another attribute called a stored attribute. (i.e. date of birth and age) |
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Term
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Definition
| used when information is missing or when no other value applies |
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Term
1. One-to-One
2. One-to-Many
3. Many-to-Many |
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Definition
| Basic Entity Relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| A one-to-one relationship (1:1) is between two entities in which an instance of one entity can be related to only one instance of a related entity |
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Term
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Definition
| Most relational databases are constructed this way. A one-to-many relationship (1:M) is between two entities in which an instance of one entity can be related to many instances of a related entity. |
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Term
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Definition
| A many-to-many relationship (M:N) is between two entities in which an instance of one entity is related to many instances of another and one instance of the other can be related to many instances of the first entity |
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Term
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Definition
| exist to represent the relationship between two other entities. |
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Term
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Definition
| expresses the specific number of instances in an entity |
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Term
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Definition
| is composed of rows and columns that represent an entity |
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Term
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Definition
| is a characteristic of a table |
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Term
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Definition
| is a collection of related data elements |
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Term
(1) only one value is allowed at the intersection of a field and record,
(2) each record needs to be unique,
(3) a record much have an entity identifier, or primary key, which is a field(s) that uniquely identifies a given record in a table |
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Definition
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