Term
| Appetite Suppressants (can cause Pulmonary Hypertension) |
|
Definition
| Fenfluramine; Dexfenfluramine |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that cause pulmonary hypertension |
|
Definition
| Fenfluramine, Dexfenfluramine, L-tryptophan, Methamphetamine, Cocaine |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of underlying heart disease (Left heart disease) for PH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anticoagulation (PH: idiopathic, heritable, PAH due to anorexigens and chronic thromboembolic type) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Manage right ventricular volume overload (PH) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Goal is saturation above 90%; Primary/Supportive Therapy in PH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients with PAH who develop atrial tachyarrhthmias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used for vasoreactivity testing (PH) |
|
Definition
| Inhaled nitrous oxide, IV epoprostenol, IV adenosine |
|
|
Term
| CCB: primarily affects arteriolar vasculature, due to gradual onset reflex tachycardia does not occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CCB: dilation of pulmonary and systemic arteries, decreased peripheral resistance, systemic BP, and afterload; increased pulmonary flow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used if positive acute vasoreactivity test (PH) |
|
Definition
| Long acting nifedipine, diltiazem, amlodipine |
|
|
Term
| CCB: primarily affects arteriolar vasculator; only use long acting formulations in PH |
|
Definition
| Nifedipine (Procardia XL) |
|
|
Term
| Common side effects include headache, flushing, hypotension, peripheral edema, constipation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Serious Side effects include hypotension, syncope, right ventricular failure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Block receptors that cause vasoconstriction and smooth muscle cell proliferation |
|
Definition
| Endothelin Receptor Antagonists |
|
|
Term
| ERAs: treatments of PAH to improve exercise capacity and decrease the rate of clinical deterioration |
|
Definition
| Ambrisentan (Letairis), Bosentan (Tracleer) |
|
|
Term
| Selective for endothelin-A receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonselective endothelin receptor antagonist (A and B) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adverse reactions include edema, palpitation/flushing, HA, hemoglobin decrfease, hepatotoxicity, transaminases increase, respiratory tract congestion/infection |
|
Definition
| Endothelin Receptor Antagonists |
|
|
Term
| Adverse Reaction (25%): Spermatogenesis inhibition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pregnancy is a major contraindication with use of these drugs |
|
Definition
| Endothelin Receptor Antagonists |
|
|
Term
| Only available through the Letairis Education and Access Program (LEAP) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only available through the T.A.P. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The serum concentration of it is decreased if combined with Bosentan |
|
Definition
| Conctraceptives (Estrogens and Progestins) |
|
|
Term
| May increase the serum concentration of Bosentan and it's serum concentration may also be decreased |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| May enhance hepatotoxic effect of Bosentan |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Avoid these if using Bosentan |
|
Definition
| Contraceptives, Cyclosporine, Glyburide |
|
|
Term
| Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors used in PH |
|
Definition
| Sildenafil (Revatio), Tadalafil (Adcirca) |
|
|
Term
| responsible for the degradation of cGMP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increased concentrations of this results in pulmonary vasculature relaxation; vasodilation in the pulmonary bed and the systemic circulation (to a lesser degree) may occur |
|
Definition
| cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) |
|
|
Term
| Prolong the vasodilatory effect of nitric oxide |
|
Definition
| phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (WHO Group I) to improve exercise ability and delay clinical worsening |
|
Definition
| Sildenafil (Revatio), Tadalafil (Adcirca) |
|
|
Term
| Taken orally once daily; may need dosing adjustments with CYP 3A4 inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adverse Reactions include HA, Dyspepsia, Flushing, Pyrexia, dizziness, diarrhea, UTI, increased LFTs, myalgia, paresthesia, abnormal vision, epistaxis, nasal congestion |
|
Definition
| PDE-5 Inhibitors (Sildenafil and Tadalafil) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Epoprostenol, Treprostinil, Iloprost |
|
|
Term
| Strong vasodilator of all vascular beds; decreases thrombogenesis by inhibiting platelet aggregation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used IV; avoid abrupt withdrawal or sudden large dose reductions (PH) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used IV, SubQ, or Inhalation (PH) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adverse Reactions include anxiety, diarrhea, flu-like syndrome, flushing, HA, jaw pain, N/V, nervousness, pump malfunction, local sit infection, catheter obstruction, sepsis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraindicated in pts with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction; pts who develops pulmonary edema during dose initiation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epoprostenol Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
| Anticoagulatns and antiplatelets; Antihypertensives |
|
|
Term
| Preferred Agents WHO Class II (PH) |
|
Definition
| Ambrisentan, Bosentan, Sildenafil |
|
|
Term
| Alternative Agents WHO Class II (PH) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Preferred Agents WHO CLASS III (PH) |
|
Definition
| Ambrisentan, bosentan, Sildenafil, IV Epoprostenol, IV or SubQ Treprostinil, Inhaled Iloprost |
|
|
Term
| Alternative Agents WHO CLASS III (PH) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Preferred Agents WHO CLASS IV (PH) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alternative Agents WHO CLASS IV (PH) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Preferred Agents Refractory Cases (PH) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anticholinergic Agent; Duration 4-6 hours (COPD) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anticholinergic; DPI: Duration 24 hours; may be steroid sparing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Beta2Agonists; Combination Inhalers (COPD) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Risks may outweigh benefits (COPD); Increases clearance of smoking, phenytoin, Rifampin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Theophylline decreases clearance |
|
Definition
| erythromycin, quinolones, beta-blockers, CCBS |
|
|
Term
| Indicated for Stage III-IV disease, frequent exacerbations (COPD) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PD4 Inhibitor; small decrease in rate of exacerbation (COPD) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ADRs include N/V, weight loss, psychiatric effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory Stimulant (COPD) |
|
Definition
| Medroxyprogesterone acetate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| VTE prophylaxis (Pulmonary embolism in COPD) |
|
Definition
| Heparin, Enoxaparin, Fondaparinux |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that energize the heart |
|
Definition
| epinephrine, atropine, vasopressin, digoxin |
|
|
Term
| most important drug (ACLS); A1, A2, B1, and B2 receptor agonist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Natural: nightshade; jimsonweed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increased SA node discharge; nerve gas/organophosphate antidote |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Promotes kidney water absorption; vasoconstriction and increased BP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| slows heart but increases contractility; Na/K pump inhibitor --> increased calcium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-arrhythmic drugs (ACLS) |
|
Definition
| lidocaine; amiodarone; procaine amide |
|
|
Term
| blocks sodium channels in neuron cell membrane; no action potential propagation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxicity: initial CNS excitation.... seizure; higher dosage CNS depression (ACLS) |
|
Definition
| Lidocaine (amide anesthetic) |
|
|
Term
| prolongs refractory period; blocks potassium channels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Side effects: interstitial lung disease; thyroid, eye, and skin changes (ACLS) |
|
Definition
| Amiodarine (antiarrythmic) |
|
|
Term
| ester agent breakds down PABA; blocks nerve impulses; decreases hearat irritability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-ischemic drugs (ACLS) |
|
Definition
| Nitroglycerin, morphine, oxygen |
|
|
Term
| vasodilator (veins > arteries); 24 hour use causes tolerancce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mimics endorphins; dilates blood vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aspirin, thrombolytics, Plavix, GIIB/IIA inhibitors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blocks formation of thromboxane A which causes platelets to aggregate and arteries to constrict |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tPA, reteplase, streptokinase, tenecteplase |
|
|
Term
| protein that breaks down blood clots; enzyme converts plasminogen to plasmin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Irreversible bind to P2Y. Prevents platelet aggregation and cross linkage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA Inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA Inhibitors |
|
Definition
| Abciximab (irreversible); Eptifibatide/Tirofiban (reversible) |
|
|
Term
| Drugs to decrease blood pressure (ACLS) |
|
Definition
| BBs, Furosemide, CCBs, Nitroprusside, ACEIs |
|
|
Term
| does not cross BBB: test anxiety |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Metoprolol, Atenolol, Propranolol, Esmolol, Labetalol |
|
|
Term
| Blocks Na/K/Cl symporter in ascending loop of Henle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calcium channel blockers used in ACLS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vasodilator/AV block; decrease contractility and heart rate; danger with BB; somewhere reverse with calcium |
|
Definition
| Calcium Channel Blockers (Diltizem/Verapamil) |
|
|
Term
| potent dilator of veins an arteries; breaks down to cyanide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enalapril, Captopril, Lisinopril, Ramikpril |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that increase BP (ACLS) |
|
Definition
| Dopamine, Dobutamine, Isoproterenol, Norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
| Neurotransmitter; increases HR and BP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stimulate heart (B1); less increase BP (pressor) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increases heart rate (pressor) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| more alpha stimulus; increase vascular resistance; septic or neurogenic shock (Pressor) |
|
Definition
| Norepinephrine (Levophed) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Naloxone, Flumazenil, Glucagon |
|
|
Term
| Blocks opiate receptors; half life shorter than most opiates; can cause sudden withdrawal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| competitive inhibitor or gamma amino butyric acid (GABA); can't treat seizures with benzodiazepine; can cause withdrawal and short half life |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| opposite of insulin; releases glucose from liver glycogen; from the alpha islets of langerhans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increases cyclic AMP in heart which reverses effects of beta blocker and calcium channel blockers; also relaxes LES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electrolytes, adenosine, mannitol |
|
|
Term
| used in Torsades de pointes; blocks calcium entry into cells shortening QT interval; bronchodilator; relaxes uterus/eclampsia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reverses acidosis and helps with the toxicity of TCA/ASA (either by binding or urinary excretion) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Multiple receptors; blocks AV node and re-entrant SVT; caffeine blocks same receptors-- blunts effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| filtered by glomeruli but not reabsorbed; osmotic diuresis; decreased intracranialpressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Natural sugar alcohol... biblical manna |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Solubilizes cholesterol and decreases cholesterol secretion into bile; Used for Radiolucent (cholesterol) stones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Side effects include GI complaints, increased serum cholesterol, increased AST/ALT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Management for Cholangitis |
|
Definition
| Fluid + electrolyte replacement; pain management; ERCP; antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of choice for many cases of acute cholecystitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Management for Cholecystitis |
|
Definition
| Fluid + electrolyte replacement; pain management; cholecystectomy, "cool down" period; antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| mild-moderate choleccystitis: |
|
Definition
| Cefazolin; Cefuroxime; Ceftriaxone; Duct anastomosis: (Clostridium Bacteroides) add Metronidazole |
|
|
Term
| severe, advanced age, immunocompromised cholecystitis |
|
Definition
| Imipenem/Mero/Dori/Pip-Tazo/cefepime/Levo/Cipro; each in combination with Metro |
|
|
Term
| associated biliary sludge; usually occurs > 9 days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| healthcare-associated biliary infection |
|
Definition
| same as severe cholecystitis; add vancomycin |
|
|
Term
| Drug induced pancreatitis (rare): Definite Association |
|
Definition
| corticosteroids, furosemide, estrogens, opiates, SMX/TMP, valproic acid/salts |
|
|
Term
| Acute pancreatitis: 4-7 years of abuse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pain management in acute pancreatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute pancreatitis medical management |
|
Definition
| Decrease exocrine stimulation: D/C oral intake, nasal gastric suction, enteral feeding vs TPN; Pain management: Hydromorphone; ERCP; cholecystectomy if associated w/ gallstones |
|
|
Term
| Sphincter of Oddi preferred agent (potent + long half life; less clinical data) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Meperidine, Morphine, Hydromorphone |
|
|
Term
| Used in sphincter of oddi: causes seizures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increased common bile duct pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute Pancreatitis Supportive Therapy |
|
Definition
| H2 blockers/PPIs; Octreotide |
|
|
Term
| reduce pancreatic exocrine secretion; no more effective than nasal gastric suction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 0.5 mcg/kg/hr IV continuously; inhibits pancreatic secretion; conflicting clinical results; maybe in severe pancreatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prophylactice use considered for necrotizing pancreatitis |
|
Definition
| Imipenem; Meropenem; Doripenem |
|
|
Term
| malabsorption (S/S of chronic pancreatitis) |
|
Definition
| decreased fat and protein absorption, weight loss, Vitamin B12 |
|
|
Term
| Pain control in chronic pancreatitis |
|
Definition
| Initially NSAIDs or APAP; Narcotics around the clock sustained release forms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| creon, pancreaze, pancrelipase, zenpep |
|
|
Term
| dosed based on lipase content; uncertain place in therapy (mild to moderate disease); supplementation of fat soluble vitamins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aspartate transaminase (AST) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alanine transaminase (ALT) |
|
|
Term
| Normal: 40-120 U/L (varies with assay); also elevated in bone disorders, tumors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal: 0-50 U/L (Varies with assay); sensitivity about 70% EtOH liver disease |
|
Definition
| Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) |
|
|
Term
| Normal: 100-220 U/L (varies with assay); not specific: hemolysis, MI, trauma, cancer |
|
Definition
| Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) |
|
|
Term
| Drug induced liver disease |
|
Definition
| HMG-CoA inhibitors; Antimycobacterial agents (Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide), azoles; APAP and Alcohol; Phenytoin |
|
|
Term
| Medications causing centrolobular necrosis (liver disease) |
|
Definition
| acetaminophen, halothane, aspirin, valproate |
|
|
Term
| Medciations causing Steatohepatitis |
|
Definition
| Alochol, tetracycline, valproate |
|
|
Term
| Medications that cause Phospholipidosis (liver disease) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medications that cause Hepatocellular Necrosis (Liver disease) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medications causing Toxic Cirrosis |
|
Definition
| Methotrexate, Vitamin A (high dose) |
|
|
Term
| Medications causing cholestatic injury |
|
Definition
| estrogens, chlorpromazine, amox-clav, erythromycin, SMX-TMP |
|
|
Term
| Medications causing liver vascular disorders |
|
Definition
| androgens, estrogens, tamoxifen, azathioprine |
|
|
Term
| Treats Amebic liver disease |
|
Definition
| Metronidazole 750 mg TID x 7-10 days |
|
|
Term
| Empiric therapy for pyogenic liver abscess |
|
Definition
| broad spectrum antibiotics; piperacillin/tazobacta, carbapenems, 3rd or 4th gen ceph + metro, FQ + metro, 2-3 weeks IV then 2-3 weeks PO |
|
|
Term
| Normal serum peak 1.5-2 hrs; Overdose: up to 4 hours |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Highly toxic---> hepatic necrosis; usually formed in small amounts |
|
Definition
| N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine |
|
|
Term
| treatment of acute acetaminophen overdose |
|
Definition
| activated charcoal (if <4 hrs of ingestion); acetylcysteine |
|
|
Term
| reduces conversion of APAP to NAPQI (increased glutathione stores, combines directly with NAPQI, Increased nontoxic sulfate conjugation) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best if given within 24 hours of APAP overdose (<8 hrs ideal) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adverse drug reactions include anaphylactoid reactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adverse drug reactions include nausea and vomiting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| only given in low risk situations; (function GI tract and no evidence of hepatotoxicity); readmister if dose vomited w/in 1 hr |
|
Definition
| Oral acetylcysteine (mucomyst) |
|
|
Term
| moderate-high risk situations; evidence of hepatotoxicity or APAP overdose likely |
|
Definition
| IV acetylcysteine (Acetadote) |
|
|
Term
| alcohol withdraw: reduce potential for seizures, titrate over 3-5 days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "banana bag" given in alcohol withdrawal |
|
Definition
| thiamine, magnesium, multivitamins, folic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complication of thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Alcohol withdrawal: No metabolite, rapid onset, ok in liver insufficiency, higher abuse potential, more frequent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alcohol withdrawal: rapid onset, less frequent dosing, accumulation, higher abuse potential |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alcohol withdrawal: intermediate onset, less frequent dosing, accumulation, PO only |
|
Definition
| Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) |
|
|
Term
| Alcohol withdrawal Alternative Treatments |
|
Definition
| Barbiturates (Phenobarbital); Propofol; Anticonvulsants (Carbamazepine, gabapentin) |
|
|
Term
| Alcohol withdrawal Adjunctive treatments (rarely used) |
|
Definition
| Alpha 2 agonists (clonidine, dexmedetomidine); beta blockers (atenolol), haloperidol |
|
|
Term
| Hepatic impairment; Newer medications--> Child-Pugh score |
|
Definition
| Caspofungin, Voriconazole, Atomoxetine, Letrozole |
|
|
Term
| restricted drug distribution systems (RDDS) |
|
Definition
| Gefitinib, dofetilide, bosentan, iloprost, clozapine, buprenorphine tabs, cisapride, isotretinoin, lenalidomide, thalidomide |
|
|
Term
| drug-induced seizures: majority are singular events that occurred within 24 hrs after ingestion of toxic dose; of these, chronic use predisposed this group to seizure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| often used to treat refractory status epilepticus; case reports some pts experienced EEG changes during induction, emergence and recovery from anesthesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| High incidence of seizures; pts with hyperventilation and hypocapnia predisposed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drug-induced seizures; incidence higher when used idn combo with other antibiotics |
|
Definition
| penicillins and carbapenems |
|
|
Term
| drug-induced seizures; renally dose adjusted, elderly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OD accounts for 40% of seizures in ER; incidence varies at therapeutic doses |
|
Definition
| Antidepressants (TCAs, Bupropion) |
|
|
Term
| highest incidence of older agents (drug-induced seiures)--- antipsychotics (dose dependent!) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| highest risk of drug-induced seizures of atypical agents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Children at risk for ADHD inherently have higher risk for seizures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes corneal deposits, halo vision, lens opacities, optic neuropathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes corneal desposits, maculopathy, retinopathy, blurred vision, nyctalopia, oculogyric crisis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cataracts, increased intraocular pressure, decreased vision, proptosis, mydriasis, myopia, optic neuropathy, papilledema, pseudotumor cerebri |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| corneal deposits, maculopathy, retinopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blurred vision, diplopia, nystagmus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blurred vision, color vision changes, increased brightness, NAION, reduced visual acuity, retinal vein occlusion, thrombosis |
|
Definition
| Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil |
|
|
Term
| formation of reactive oxygen species, loss of hair cells, loss of spiral ganglion (drug-induced ototoxicity) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| changes in mitochondrial function, direct cell death, decreased number of hair cells (drug-induced ototoxicity) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disruption of endocochlear fluid homeostasis, endolymph changes (drug-induced ototoxicity) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decreased cochlear blood flow (drug-induced ototoxicity) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| activation of NMDA receptors (drug-induced ototoxicity) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rapid injection can cause ototoxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug-induced bronchospasm: predominant in women, bronchospasm preceded by rhinorrhea, flushing of head and neck, conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IgE mediated anaphylaxis (drug-induced bronchospasm) |
|
Definition
| penicillins, sulfonamides, cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| drug induced bronchospasm; all have been associated with causing asthma attacks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drug-induced bronchospasm: anaphylactoid mast cell degranulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drug-induced bronchospasm: bradykinin production |
|
Definition
| ace inhibitor induced cough |
|
|
Term
| most widely reported non-cytotoxic drug to cause pulmonary fibrosis; unique molecular structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| strong oxidizer of iron and oxygen; "bronchiolitis obliterans with organization pneumonitis (BOOP) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Management pulmonary fibrosis |
|
Definition
| discontinuation of offending agents; corticosteroids-- standard of therapy |
|
|
Term
| Fluid retention, increased vascular permeability, older age and advanced DM higher risk--> drug induced heart failure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| high incidence of drug-induced exacerbated HF; Amiodarone and Dofetilide have not shown to adversely affect survival of patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| has been shown to adversely affect survival of pts with heart failure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dependent on mean cumulative dose; generally considered irreversible; drug-induced heart failure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drug-induced heart failure; antagonize action of diuretics and ace inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drug-induced heart failure; long term therapy beneficial to heart failure pts--- start low, go slow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drug-induced heart failure; more likely to occur in patients with lower EF; due ot strong negative inotropy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of acute HF exacerbations |
|
Definition
| Diuresis; vasoactive medications in severe cases |
|
|
Term
| Hemodynamic mediated AKI: reduction of intravascular volume and effective hemodynamic pressures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drug-induced hemodynamic mediated AKI; vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary agents in drug-induced acute tubular necrosis |
|
Definition
| aminoglycosides, radiocontrast media |
|
|
Term
| primary agents causing interstitial nephritis |
|
Definition
| beta lactams, NSAIDs, rifampin, lithium, allopurinol, thiazide diuretics |
|
|
Term
| management of interstitial nephritis |
|
Definition
| discontinuation of drug; administration of corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| primary agents causing nephrolithiasis |
|
Definition
| acyclovir, forcarnet, furosemide, indinavir, topiramate, sulfonamides, zonisamide |
|
|
Term
| Management of Glomerulonephritis |
|
Definition
| discontinuation of drug, steroids and diuretics, dialysis |
|
|
Term
| Alternative agents for anticoagulation (if HIT) |
|
Definition
| lepirudin, argatroban, fondaparinux, bivalirudin |
|
|
Term
| direct thrombin inhibitor; considerations: renal dosing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| direct thrombin inhibitor; considerations: hepatic dosing; interference with INR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| direct Xa inhibitors; considerations: renal dosing; still a heparnoid molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| direct thrombin inhibitor; considerations: renal dosing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can start when platelet count reaches 150,000; venous limb gangrene if used alone prior to platelet count reaching 150.000 |
|
Definition
|
|
