Term
| Need to stimulate bladder emptying or pupil constriction. You would use this class of drugs: |
|
Definition
Cholinergic agonists
Muscarinic agonists,specifically
Like ACh, Bethenacol (bladder) or Pilocarpine |
|
|
Term
| Need to stimulate nicotinic receptors in the eye, and will not be affected by Acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitors. Use... |
|
Definition
Carbamylcholine
Cholinergic agonist (Nicotinic > Muscarinic) |
|
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Term
| Need to stimulate muscarinic receptors in GI tract, bladder and eye that is unaffected by Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Like for bladder tone, use... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Need something that will cross the BBB to contstric the pupil and treat glaucoma. Topical use of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Need to block ACh secretion at presynatpic terminal of neuromuscular junctions (skeletal muscle). Use a muscle relaxant called... |
|
Definition
Botulinum Toxin
botulinumtoxinA inhibits SNAP-25
botulinumtoxinB inhibits VAMP |
|
|
Term
| Don't want to block Ca++ transport at NMJ presynaptic terminal in a pateint with existing neuromuscular problems. Avoid... |
|
Definition
aminoglycosides and other antibiotics!
Avoid -CINs and -cyclines
Amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, tetracycline, doxycycline |
|
|
Term
| Best way of blocking NMJ transmission -- muscle relaxant. use: |
|
Definition
| nAChR antagonists (post synapse effect) |
|
|
Term
| Need to relax skeletal muscle for someone who has just come in for trauma and likely has vital organ failure. Use: |
|
Definition
Atracurium
non-depolarizing, competitive nAChR antagonist |
|
|
Term
| Need a quick acting muscle relaxant that does NOT cause histamine release |
|
Definition
Mivacurium
Non-depolarizing, competitive nAChR inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| Need a fast-acting muscle relaxant, but must avoid this in ppl with history of malignant hyperthermia/burns/trauma |
|
Definition
Succinylcholine (SuCh)
depolarizing, non-competitive nAChR inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| The grandfather of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants with long onset of action and very long duration of action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Need an M1 receptor selective antagonist that can help treat intestinal hypermotility and diarrhea by reducing glandular secretions. Use: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Need to treat Parkinson's disease with this M1-receptor selective antagonist that crosses the BBB. Use: |
|
Definition
| Trihexyphenidyl (use with Benztropine -- nonselective) |
|
|
Term
| Need to selectively inhibit urinary bladder tone to treat incontinence. Use: |
|
Definition
Darifenacin or Tolterodine
(M3R selective antagonists) |
|
|
Term
| The prototype drug to use to inhibit parasympathetic outflow in the body. Use to avoid cholinergic crisis, but beware! it causes cardiace and CNS effects b/c it is uncharged and can cross the BBB: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Need a drug that will treat Parkinson's disease by treating the cholinergic imbalance, that is also non-selective its cholinergic receptor preference. Use: |
|
Definition
Benzotropine (along with Trihexyphenidryl)
non-selective muscarinic receptor blocker |
|
|
Term
| Need to dilate eyes for longer time period than just 6 hrs. Use: |
|
Definition
Cyclopentolate
non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist |
|
|
Term
| Need to relax muscles and reduce secretions during intubation. and want something with less CNS/cardiac effects. Also need to prevent vagal reflexes (cholinergic crisis) post surgery. Use: |
|
Definition
Glyccopyrrolate
non-specific muscarinic receptor antagonist
good for use in GI/GU tracts |
|
|
Term
| Need prophylaxis for motion sickness that will penetrate skin readily for topical treatent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Need to dilate eyes for an eye exam. Want the effect to wear off within 6 hrs. Use: |
|
Definition
Tropicamide
non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist |
|
|
Term
| Need to treat symptoms of chronic bronchitis or emphysema by bronchodilation without any effect on viscosity. Use: |
|
Definition
Tiotropium
M1/M3 selective muscarinic receptor antagonist |
|
|
Term
| Need some relief of symptoms caused by respiratory tract diseases (cold, chronic rhinitis, chronic bronchitis and emphysema) that can be used in conjuction with beta2 agonists. Like, bronchodilation without affecting secretions. Use: |
|
Definition
Ipratropium
non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist |
|
|
Term
| Need to build up ACh at synapses, but cannot give ACh. Use: |
|
Definition
Anticholinesterases!
inhibits degradation (indirect cholinomimetics) |
|
|
Term
| Therapeutic carbamates (anti-ChE): |
|
Definition
neostigmine
pyridostigmine
physostigmine |
|
|
Term
| therapeutic anti-ChE that does not form covalent bond with ChE, so rapidly reversible and is charged: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Malathion
Diazanon
Carbaryl |
|
|
Term
| Chemical warfare agents (nerve agents) |
|
Definition
Vx
Soman
Sarin
Soman
Tabun |
|
|
Term
| insectiside found in gardening to get rid of bugs on plants: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| insecticisde used by pest exterminators whic does not dissociate easily |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| very widely used insecticied for mosquito control, sprayed over states! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Irreversible acetylcholinesterases |
|
Definition
| organophosphates, including pesticides and nerve agents (except carbaryl) |
|
|
Term
| When you want to increase levels of ACh in the eye to facilitate constriction (glaucoma rx), need it to penetrate the BBB. Use: |
|
Definition
Physostigmine
only uncharged hydrophobic anti-ChE |
|
|
Term
| Want to treat paralytic ileus and atony of urinary bladder (trouble voiding urine). Use: |
|
Definition
| Neostigmine with bethanechol (synergistic action) |
|
|
Term
| Need to treat narrow-angle glaucoma. What would be a good anti-ChE and cholinomimetic combo? |
|
Definition
| physostigmine + pilocarpine |
|
|
Term
| Want to classicaly treat myasthenia gravis with a anti-ChE and anti-muscarinic (to avoid vagal reflex). Use: |
|
Definition
| neostigmine or pyridostigmine + atropine/IV glycopyrrolate |
|
|
Term
| want to treat poisoining due to anti-muscarinic or anti-nicotinic (anti-PSYMP) agents. Use: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| need to recover from neuromuscular block (due to non-depolarizing agent) following surgery. use: |
|
Definition
| neostigmine + antimuscarinic (atropine) |
|
|
Term
| Want to treat progressive degeneration of Alzheimer's disease. Use: |
|
Definition
Galantamine (so galant to save the day!)
or
Tacrine |
|
|
Term
| most potent nerve agent with lowest lethal dose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| want to reverse the effects of anti-ChE. Use: |
|
Definition
Pralidoxime
Need to act quickly with the organophosphates, before enzyme "aging" |
|
|
Term
| need a prophylactic treatment of nerve agent exposure. Use: |
|
Definition
Galantamine
or
recombinant human BuChE which acts to scavenge nerve agents (OPs) |
|
|
Term
| (bradycardia, miosis, diarrhea) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Class of antineoplastic drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis by cross-linking strands |
|
Definition
Alkylating agents
Cisplatin
Cyclophosphamide
Dacarbazine (in ABVD)
Melphalan |
|
|
Term
alkylating agent that causes severe vomiting, and can cause hearing/vision loss
binds DNA and protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
alkylating agent, nitrogen mustard that is a prodrug that needs liver enyzmes for activation
part of the combination treatment: CHOP and CVP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Triazine alykylating agent
part of combo ABVD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Orally active nitrogen mustard (alkylating agent) with milder side effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Very potent chemoRx agents that act by 3 antineoplastic mechanisms:
production of O2 free radicals --> toxic
topoII-dep DNA cleavage
intercalate into DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cardiotoxic and myelosuppressive antibiotics used as chemotherapeutic agents |
|
Definition
| Daunorubicin and doxorubicin |
|
|
Term
antibiotic ChemoRx agent that is found in CHOP
part of treatment of AML |
|
Definition
| Doxorubicin (or hydroxyldaunorubicin) |
|
|
Term
| monoclonal antibody used to improve survival in non-hodgkin's lymphoma because it recognizes CD20 on B cells: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibody against HER2 receptors for treatment of breast cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antineoplastic drug class that require proliferating cells and are cell cycle phase-specific |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti-neoplastic agent that exploits unique increase amt of asparagine in tumor cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti-neoplastic agent that inhibits DNA methylation, a pyrimidine analog |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inhibits pyramidine synthesis (pyrimidine analog) used in treatment of AML treatment |
|
Definition
| cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C) |
|
|
Term
| pyrimidine analog used to inhibid thymidilate synthesis in tumor cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
similar to thalidomide
anti-angiogenic and immunomodulatory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
folic acid analog that inhibits DHF reductase
indirectly inhibits important dTMP synthesis rxn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
purine analog (anti-metabolite) that inhibits adenosine deaminase in tumor cells
used in Rx of CLL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an anti-neoplastic drug that stabilized microtubule polymerization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
anti-neoplastic drugs that inhibit mitosis (M phase) by arresting tumor cells in metaphase
also part of ABVD treatment |
|
Definition
Vinblastine (ABVD)
Vincristine |
|
|
Term
| hormonal antineoplastic agent that inhibits aromatase; useful in post-menopausal breast cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
causes selective lysis of lymphoid tumors
hormonal anti-neoplastic agent
corticosteroid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti-neoplastic agent that blocks Estrogen Receptors expressed in breast cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in cancer treatment, specifically for CML since it targets the philly chromosome product --> bcr-abl fusion protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other Tyrosine kinase inhibitors that are used to treeat CML b/c of their ability to target mutated proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Copper-chelating antibiotic that causes pulmonary toxicity
part of ABVD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| proteosome inhibitor that induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
inhibits ribonuclease diphopshate reductase (an enzyme imp for DNA synthesis in tumors)
used for myeloproliferative disorders (CML, AML) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
part of ATRA
retinoic acid that causes cell differentiation
good for head and neck cancers, squamous cell carcinomas
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
used for hematological malignancies
CLL in particular (most common one) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
adjuvant agent for melanoma
Hairy cell leukemia
Karposi's sarcoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
anti-neoplastic agent that prevents angiogenesis
multiple myeloma
renal/brain cancers
teratogen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| catecholamine that acts on all alpha and all beta receptors (except beta3), and is a sympathetic NT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
catecholamine that acts on alpha receptors and beta1 receptor (weak beta2receptor)
sympathetic NT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| synthetic catecholamine that is a beta receptor agonist only |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| synthetic catecholamine that is a β1-selective agonist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| catecholamine that is binds D1 to cause BV dilation and also is a beta1-selective agonist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stimulation of D1R with this synthetic analog of dopamine lead so maintenance of renal function -- urinary output |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Indirect acting NE-releasers (non-catecholamine)
Use the "NE channel" |
|
Definition
tyramine
ephedrine
amphetamine (-->ecstasy) |
|
|
Term
| Need a non-catecholamine agent that indirectly acts to increase NE outflow and directly stimulates beta2R in order to treat nasal decongestion. Use: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a non-catecholamine agent that releases NE indirectly through NE channel, but has lately gone out of fashion b/c of abuse potential (strong CNS effects) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dietary prototype of NE-releasers (non-catecholamines that indirectly act to increase NE transmission). When mixed with MAOIs, can lead to massive hypertensive crisis. found in aged cheese and wine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| need a good decongestant (constricts wollen mucous membranes, decrease secretions) and can also be used to dilate pupils. found in Sudafed-PE. Use: |
|
Definition
phenylephrine
or
methoxamine |
|
|
Term
| an agonist of a sympathetic adrenergic receptor that actually decreases release of NE -- sympatholytic action |
|
Definition
clonidine
alpha2R selective agonist |
|
|
Term
| an alpha adrenergic agonist that is used specifically in ophthamology -- interacts with MAOIs to produce sympathetic overdrive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| used in management of asthma, desinged specifically to get rid of cardiac effects and increase duration of action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| longest lasting asthma drug |
|
Definition
salmeterol
beta2 selective agonist |
|
|
Term
| Need something that will prevent preterm labor through IV in the hospital. But watch out! Is associated with pulmonary edema! Use: |
|
Definition
Ritodrine
beta2 selective agonist
(relaxes uterus) |
|
|
Term
| need agent to treat migraines by alphaR-mediated constriction of vessels, that is, adrenalin reversal. Use: |
|
Definition
ergot derviatives
ergotamine or ergonovine
a-1 partial agonist (also serotonergic) |
|
|
Term
| PDE inhibitors that produce SYMP-like effects in body "sympathomimetic-like" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| another sympathomimetic-like drug that inhibits PDE to produce SYMP-like action; specifically targets PDE expressed in the penis to cause relaxation of smooth muscle in penis and allow prolonged blood flow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| need a short-acting reduction in sympathetic tone for surgery, but still get cardiac stimulation. Use: |
|
Definition
phentolamine
non-selective alphaR competitive antagonist
cardiac stimulation due to alpha2 inhibition in heart -->persistent NE |
|
|
Term
| need a long-acting way to block sympathetic tone, but it causes postural hypotension. use: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| need a 2nd line HTN drug b/c target is not reached yet in your patient, but want something that does not increase HR or CO. But watch out for "first dose phenomenon". use |
|
Definition
prazosin
prototype alpha1 selective antagonist |
|
|
Term
| need something to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy that is causing lower UT symptoms (frequency, urgency, burning). Beware -- it can cause reverese ejaculation or priapism! use: |
|
Definition
terazosin
alpha1-selective antagonist
a1Rs predominate in smooth muscle of bladder, urtehra and prostate |
|
|
Term
| an alpha adrenergic antagonist that actually increases NE release! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this class of drug is governed by the concept of reducing oxygen demand of the heart to prevent heart diseases and ischemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| need a beta blocker that will cross the BBB or placenta and get excreted by the liver; non-selective |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| need an agent that will lower IOP by decreasing sympathetic effects of beta receptors, non-selective. Use: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a beta-1 selective blocker that is also moderately lipid soluble |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a non-selective beta blocker that has the additional vasodilator action of blocking a1R. need this in HTN emergencies b/c great for lowering BP short term. Use: |
|
Definition
|
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