Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Hyperglycemic Agent
Carbohydrate |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases Blood Glucose Level |
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Term
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Definition
-Known BGL of >60 mg/dL when oral glucose cannot be administered
-Suspected hypoglycemia when BGL is unknown |
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Term
| Suspected hypoglycemic pts D50W is indicated for... |
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Definition
-Altered LOC
-Coma
-seizure of unknown etiology
-Acute or chronic alcohol intoxication with AMS |
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Term
| D50W Contraindications (suspected hypoglycemia) |
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Definition
| -Suspected intracranial hemorrhage AND new onset CVA signs/symptoms with unknown BGL in a non-diabetic pt. |
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Term
| D50W Contraindications (known hypoglycemia) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-A feeling of warmth or pain at the injection site
-Phlebitis |
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Term
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Definition
-25 g (50mL) IVP over several minutes.
-250 mL D10W infusion over several minutes.
*In some systems, 12.5 g is the dosage and will usually achieve a normal BGL* |
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Term
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Definition
-Very irritating to veins. Use largest, most proximal vein for IV access.
-Constantly reassess IV patency and remove if patency cannot be confirmed due to the risk of necrosis from a leaking IV
-Dilute drug when giving IO |
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Term
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Definition
| Discard 25 mL of original solution and replace with 25 mL of NSS. To mix medication, gently invert, DO NOT SHAKE. |
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Term
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Definition
| Discard 40 mL of original solution and replace with 40 mL of NSS. To mix medication, gently invert, DO NOT SHAKE. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Benadryl Therapeutic Effects |
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Definition
-Competes with histamine for H1 receptor sites
-Relaxes non-vascular smooth muscle |
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Term
| What does Benadryl reverse? |
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Definition
| Histamine induced bronchospasm, broncho-secretions, vasodilation, and increased capillary permiability |
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Term
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Definition
-Anaphylaxis
-Dystonic Reactions (often from the use of phenothiazine or phenothiazine-like medications) |
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Term
| Benadryl Absolute Contraindications |
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Definition
-Hypersensitivity
-Acute asthma exacerbation |
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Term
| Benadryl Relative Contraindications |
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Definition
-Pregnant or nursing women
-Narrow-angle glaucoma |
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Term
| Benadryl Cardiac Side Effects |
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Definition
-Hypotension
-Palpitations
-Tachycardia |
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Term
| Benadryl Neuro Side Effects |
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Definition
-Drowsiness
-Confusion
-Decreased Coordination
-Blurred Vision |
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Term
| Benadryl Respiratory Side Effects |
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Definition
| Dry mucus plugs in lower airway |
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Term
| Benadryl Other Side Effects |
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Definition
-Urinary Retention
-Dry mouth |
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Term
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Definition
50 mg IVP over 2 minutes.
-May be administered IM
-May be repeated in some system |
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Term
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Definition
-Has an atropine-like (anticholergenic) effect on the body, causing dry mucus plugs to form in asthma exacerbation pts
-May potentiate other antihistamines, alcohol, narcotics, and sedatives due to drug being a CNS depressant. |
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Term
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Definition
-Buccolingual Crisis
-Akathisia
-Oculogyric Crisis
-Torticollis and muscle spasms involving other body parts |
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Term
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Definition
| Facial Spams that may include tongue protrusion, difficulty swallowing, and a "thick tongue" sensation |
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Term
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Definition
An ability to remain still or the inability to sit in general.
-Pts may stand, stare, and shuffle without any apparent purpose |
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Term
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Definition
| Involuntary gyration of the eyes |
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Term
| Phenothiazine/Phenothyazine-like medications |
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Definition
-compazine
-phenagren
-haldol
-throazine
-triavil
-stelazine
-novane
-mellaril |
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Term
| Epinephrine Alternate Name |
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Definition
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Term
| Epinephrine Classification |
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Definition
-Adrenergic Agonist
-Sympathomimetic
-Catecholamine |
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Term
| Epinephrine (Therapeutic Effects; Beta 1 Receptor Effect) |
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Definition
| Which drug acts on beta 1 receptors to increase chronotropy, inotropy, dromotropy, and automacity? |
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Term
| Epinephrine (Therapeutic Effects; Beta 2 Receptor Effect) |
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Definition
| Which drug relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by acting on beta 2 receptors? |
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Term
| Epinephrine (Therapeutic Effects; Alpha 1 receptor Effect) |
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Definition
| Which drug increases blood pressure by acting on alpha 1 receptors to promote vasoconstriction? |
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Term
| Epinephrine Therapeutic Effect |
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Definition
| May increase coronary and cerebral perfusion during CPR |
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Term
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Definition
-Cardiac Arrest
-Hypotension post ROSC
-Allergic Reaction/Anaphylaxis
-Unstable Bradycardia
-Asthma/COPD/Bronchospasm
-Distributive Shock
-Croup/Stridor/Upper airway edema |
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Term
| Epinephrine Contraindications |
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Definition
| None when used for the appropriate indications. |
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Term
| Epinephrine Cardiac Side Effects |
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Definition
-Palpitations
-tachycardia
-chest discomfort
-hypertension
-ectopy
-increased myocardial O2 demand
-V Fib |
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Term
| Epinephrine GI Side Effects |
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Definition
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Term
| Epinephrine Neuro Side Effects |
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Definition
-Restlessness
-Anxiety
-Headache
-Tremors
-Seizures
-Dizziness |
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Term
| Epinephrine Doses - Cardiac Arrest |
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Definition
| 1 mg (1:10,000) IVP every 3-5 minutes |
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Term
| Epinephrine Doses - Unstable Bradycardia/Hypotension Post-ROSC/Distributive Shock |
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Definition
-10-20 mcg IVP every 2 minutes
-Infusion starting at 5-10 mcg/min |
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Term
| Epinephrine Doses - Anphylaxis/COPD/Broncospasm/Asthma |
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Definition
0.3 mg (1:1,000) IM
-May be repeated for some indications in 5-15 mins |
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Term
| Epinephrine Notes - Other Concentrations |
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Definition
Push Dose Epi - 10 mcg/mL
-mix 1 mL of 1:10,000 with 9 mL NSS
Epi Infusion - PUMP ONLY
-mix 1 mg of 1:1,000 in 250-500 D5W/NSS bag. |
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Term
| Epinephrine Notes - Special Patient Types |
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Definition
-Use caution with pregnant women, people over 40, and hypotension or cardiovascular disease patients
-Significant unstable bradycardia and Anaphylaxis pts sometimes require higher doses of medication in some systems |
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Term
| Epinephrine Notes - Medication Interactions |
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Definition
| Bicarb will decease the effectiveness of the drug. Give copious flushes and wait 1 minute after each medication administration |
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Term
| Epinephrine Notes - Alternate Uses |
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Definition
Physicians and dentists use medication in combination with local
anesthetics (such as lidocaine) to anesthetize tissue. Due to its side effect of localized vasoconstriction, resulting in less bleeding and prolonged
anesthesia. |
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Term
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Definition
-Hyperglycemic agent
-Hormone |
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Term
| Glucagon Therapeutic Effects |
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Definition
| Increases BGL by Glycogenolysis and Glucogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Known or suspected hypoglycemia when IV dextrose or oral glucose cannot be administered |
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Term
| Glucagon Contraindications |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Tachycardia
-Hypotension
-Nausea
-Vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
1mg IM/IN
-Supplied in 2 vials with the glucagon as a powder to increase drugs' shelf life. To administer, draw up dilutent and insert into powder medication vial to mix. Administer immediately |
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Term
| Glucagon Notes - Dilutent |
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Definition
-Some dilutant is glyceren, which is rarely associated with adverse reactions
-If dilutent is not provided, use NSS. Concentration should not be >1 mg/mL.
--Glucagon may precipitate with NSS, so it should be a last resort mix. IM/IN only. do not administer Glucagon/NSS mix through IV. |
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Term
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Definition
| If dose does not provide desired effects, IV/IO dextrose should be administered over giving a second dose of medication |
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Term
| Glucagon - Alternate Uses |
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Definition
-Can be used to treat unstable bradycardia secondary to beta blocker or calcium channel blocker OD. It increases heart rate and cardiac contractility independent of the beta adrenergic receptors.
--The initial dose is generally 0.05 mg/kg (up to 5 mg) IVP over 3-5 min.
-Can also be used to treat esophageal and lower airway obstructions because it relaxes smooth muscle. |
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Term
| Glucagon Notes - Unlikely Treatable issues |
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Definition
Because it requires sufficient hepatic glycogen stores to function, drug is unlikely to treat hypoglycemia due to the following:
-Starvation
-Prolonged fasting
-Adrenal insufficiency
-Prolonged physical exertion without adequate carbohydrate intake |
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