Term
| acid-labile drugs achieve higher serum concentrations in term neonates |
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Definition
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Term
| weakly-acidic drugs achieve lower serum concentration in term neonates |
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Definition
| Acetaminophen, phenobarbital |
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Term
| increased FREE fraction of highly protein bound drugs--> drug toxicity |
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Definition
| Sulfonamide and Ceftriaxone |
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Term
| Drugs that displace bilirubin (can lead to Kernicterus) |
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Definition
| Sulfonamides; Ceftriaxone (3rd generation cephalosporin) |
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Term
| greater CNS penetration in neonates; more permeable to hydrophilic molecules |
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Definition
| Aminoglycosides; Cephalosporins |
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Term
| have increased risk ototoxicity due to increased BBB penetration |
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Definition
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Term
| 8% BBB penetration w/ wide variability |
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Definition
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Term
| 9-12% BBB penetration w/ minimal variation |
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Definition
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Term
| 9% BBB penetration w/ modest variability |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Converted to caffeine in newborns through methylation |
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Definition
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Term
| Longer half lives or metabolism by other pathways in infants due to less glucuronidation (activity matures by 2-3 years) |
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Definition
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Term
| Sulfation exceeds adult capacity from infancy to early childhood |
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Definition
| acetaminophen, theophylline, morphine |
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Term
| neonatal metabolism is shunted to sulfation pathway since glucuronidation pathway is underdeveloped |
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Definition
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Term
| MOA not fully known; inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins in the CNS and peripherally block pain impulse generation; produces antipyresis from inhibition of hypothalamic health-regulating center |
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Definition
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Term
| inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by decreasing the activity of the enzyme, cyclooxygenase; use: analgesic and antipyretic |
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Definition
| Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) |
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Term
| Common drugs requiring therapeutic drug monitoring |
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Definition
| Vancomycin, aminoglycosides, phenytoin, digoxin, warfarin, enoxaparin |
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Term
| inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, time dependent killing; Use in peds: coverage of most gram positives, beta-lactam reistant staph, MRSA, strep |
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Definition
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Term
| concentration dependent killing; Use in peds: coverage of gram negatives, pseudomonas |
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Definition
| Aminoglycosides: Gentamycin and Tobramycin |
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Term
| stabilizes neuronal membranes via sodium ion efflux/influx; use in peds: one of several first line agents to treat pediatric seizures |
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Definition
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Term
| increases the influx of calcium ions through inhibition of sodium and potassium ions in the myocardial membrane = increased contractility; Use in peds: common inotrope |
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Definition
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