Term
| Why do we take drugs- list 4 reasons |
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Definition
1. to heal (medicinal uses)
2. sustain labor
3. to transport physically and religiously
4. to divert recreationally |
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Term
| Order of consumption worldwide |
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Definition
1009 metric tons of marijuana.
259 metric tons of cocaine
13.6 metric tons of heroin
20 metric tons of Methamphetamine |
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Term
| Most commonly used legal drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Most commonly used illegal drugs |
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Definition
Marijuana
Cocaine
Heroin
Methampetamine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Classic Addiction is based on withdrawal symptoms such as |
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Definition
chills fever gooseflesh diarrhea muscular twitching
spasms nausea vomiting cramps
general bodily aches and pains, especially in the bones and the joints |
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Term
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Definition
| there is a feeling of satisfaction and psychic drive that require periodic or continuous administration of the drug to produce pleasure or avoid discomfort |
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Term
| Potential for causing psychological dependence |
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Definition
| The more reinforcing the drug (pleasurable), the higher its potential for psychic dependence. |
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Term
| Non-compulsive drug users |
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Definition
The “recreational user”
-Uses a drug only on weekends or at social events
-Moderate alcohol consumption
-Does not experience physical withdrawal
-Feels no psychological compulsion to use a drug |
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Term
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Definition
Depressants
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Marijuana
Steroids |
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Term
| Most commonly abused prescription drugs |
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Definition
opiates (morphine, codeine)
anti-depressant/anxiety (xanax)
stimulants (amphetamine) |
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Term
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Definition
remedy or poison
OR
the study of drug effects, how substances affect living tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| the result of a chemical reaction between a given laboratory substance and the physical make-up of a given organism |
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Term
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Definition
| represents what happens when real substances are ingested by real people under real-life circumstances |
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Term
| difference between drug actions and drug effects |
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Definition
| drug actions are controlled factors while drug effects are representative of a real life situation |
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Term
| factors that influence a drug's effects (9) |
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Definition
dose
drug mixing
identity- (pot or oregano? meth + LSD)
mind setpotency
purity- how much is actual drug, "cut"
route of administration
setting-surrounding
tolerance |
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Term
| Drug mixing relationships (4) |
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Definition
Additive effect
Synergistic effect
Potentiating effect
Antagonistic effect |
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Term
Additive effect (1+1=2)
SIMPLE ADDING |
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Definition
effects are the same, but greater
(tylenol+motrin=2 doses) |
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Term
Synergistic effect (1+1=3)
SIN TRINITY |
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Definition
2 drugs have similar actions but the effect of their joint action is more than cumulative
(alcohol + sedative = greater reaction or 3) |
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Term
Potentiating effects (1+1=4)
POT 4 LEAVES |
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Definition
2 drugs have different actions, when taken together 1 enhances the effects of the other
(1+1=4) heroine+cocaine=speedball |
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Term
| Antagonistic effect (1+1=0) |
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Definition
| one drug blocks the effect of another |
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Term
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Definition
| is the minimal dose necessary to produce the intended drug effect in a given percentage of the population under study |
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Term
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Definition
| the minimal dose necessary to produce death in a given percentage of the population under study |
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Term
| definitions of psychoactive drug |
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Definition
| Different drugs affect different neurons in the brain in various ways |
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Term
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Definition
drugs whose manufacture, sale, or possession is illegal
(cocaine, heroin, LSD, PCP, ketamine) |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs who manufacture, sale, or possession is legal (caffeine, alcohol, nicotine) |
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Term
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Definition
| referring to the motivation of a drug user who takes a drug only to get high or achieve some pleasurable effect |
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Term
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Definition
| referring to the motivation of a drug user who takes a drug for a specific purpose other than getting high |
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Term
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Definition
| how a drug enters the body |
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Term
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Definition
| the length of time it takes for a drug to be reduce to 50% of its equilibrium level in the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| asians are more strongly affected by alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs Abuse Warning Network- data gathered concerning drug-related medical emergencies in major metropolitan |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| two wars between China and Western countries. The first was between Great Britain and China. Britain was smuggling Opium into China. |
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Term
| Pure food and drug act of 1906 |
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Definition
Prohibited interstate commerce in adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs, brought the federal government full force into the drug marketplace.
The Act did two things:
- defined a “Drug”
- required accuracy in labeling
(not in advertising) |
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Term
| Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914 (A tax law) |
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Definition
| Dealers and dispensers of the opiates and cocaine had to register annually, pay a small fee, and use special order forms provided by the Bureau of Internal Revenue. |
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Term
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Definition
Amendment 18th
Adopted in 1919, in effect in 1920 |
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Term
| the downside of prohibition |
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Definition
Lead a switch from beer and wine to distilled spirits
Although the total volume of absolute alcohol did decline, a higher volume of a more dangerous beverage came to be consumed.
Some drinkers, desperate to get their hands on alcohol, drank extremely toxic substances which caused blindness, paralysis, and death.
Organized crime received a huge boost from Prohibition. The sale of illegal alcohol proved to be the major source of revenue for high-level gangsters during the 1920s. |
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Term
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Definition
| In 1930 Congress created a separate Bureau of Narcotics in the Treasury Department. |
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Term
| Harry Anslinger ("drug czar") |
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Definition
| Harry Anslinger became the first commissioner of that bureau in 1932 and took office with a pledge to stop arresting so many addicts and instead to go after the big dealers. |
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Term
| The Controlled substance act (1970) |
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Definition
created substance schedules
Shifted administration of drug enforcement from the Treasury Department to the Justice Department
Created the DEA – reports to the Director of the FBI |
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Term
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Definition
Black- cocaine
Chinese- opium
Chicanos-marijuana
Immigrants- alcohol
Heroin- adolescents |
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Term
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Definition
New Laws Create Crime and Criminals
Hi baby! So proud you're almost half way through keep going I love you :) |
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Term
| Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 |
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Definition
reducing sentences for crack cocaine offenses.
The 100 to 1 sentencing ratio has been reduced to 18 to 1 |
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Term
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Definition
| widespread addiction following massive administration of opiates during the Civil War |
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Term
| Patent medicine ingredients |
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Definition
Active Ingredients:
Opium/Morphine
Cocaine
Alcohol
Marijuana |
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Term
| Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 |
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Definition
Prohibited interstate commerce in adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs – brought the federal government full force into the drug marketplace.
The Act did two things:
- defined a “Drug”
- required accuracy in labeling
(not in advertising) |
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Term
| The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 |
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Definition
It repealed and replaced or updated all previous laws concerned with both the narcotic and dangerous drugs – it is still in effect.
The law specifically states that the drugs controlled by the act are under federal jurisdiction regardless of involvement in interstate commerce. In other words, it made drug offenses federal offenses. |
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Term
| The Illicit Drug Anti-proliferation Act of 2003 |
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Definition
| the promoters of races, holds persons more accountable for knowingly renting leasing or maintaining any place where drugs are distributed or manufactured |
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Term
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Definition
| A “harm reduction” policy means that the objective is to minimize the medical, psychological, and social costs associated with drug-taking behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Alcohol's effect on the body |
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Definition
| impairs many perceptual, cognitive, and motor skills needed for coordination and decision making, slows down many function and activities of organs of the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When the yeast comes into contact with the natural sugar in the juice, it reproduces rapidly and converts the sugar into carbon dioxide (which escapes) and alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
| a method of separating mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1 ounce of absolute alcohol =
2 12oz beers
1 8oz glass of wine
1 mixed drink containing |
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Term
| Alcohol’s relationship to violence (direct v indirect) |
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Definition
Directly – by heightening or stimulating “aggression centers” in the brain
Indirectly – by lowering inhibitions |
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Term
| 4 Indicators of alcoholism |
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Definition
memory formation
abstract thinking
problem solving
attention and concentration. |
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Term
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Definition
1st cluster:
Insomnia
Tremors
Anxiety
Nausea
Increased heart rate and blood pressure
2nd cluster:
Extreme disorientation
Sweating
Fever
Frightening hallucinations
Seizures |
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Term
| damaging effects of alcohol |
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Definition
About 20% of the alcohol swallowed is absorbed in the stomach
can suppress the center of the brain that controls breathing and causes a person to pass out or even die |
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Term
| prenatal exposure may cause: |
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Definition
| fetal alcohol syndrome: hyperactive, distractible, impulsive, short attention span, ADD |
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Term
| dangerous interactions with other drugs |
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Definition
| Alcohol and sedatives can cause breathing to shut down completely |
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Term
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Definition
increased good cholesterol
reduced risk of heart disease, diabetes, stroke, dementia, risk of certain cancers |
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Term
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Definition
| sense of relaxation, mellow feeling |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug within a family of depressants derived from barbituric acid and used as a sedative-hypnotic and antiepileptic medication |
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Term
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Definition
| a family of anti-anxiety drugs. examples are diazepam (valium), chlordiazepoxide (Ulibrium) and triazolam (halcion) |
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Term
| effects/medical use of barbiturates |
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Definition
| anti-anxiety, treat epilepsy, insomnia, anesthesia |
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Term
| distance between the ED and LD of barbs |
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Definition
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Term
| withdrawal symptoms of barbs |
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Definition
Muscle twitching
Tremors
Weakness
Dizziness
Visual distortion
Nausea
Vomiting
Insomnia
Delirium
Convulsions
Death |
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Term
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Definition
Chronic inebriation
The impairment of memory and judgment
Hostility
Depression
Mood swings
Chronic fatigue |
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Term
| benzo effects v barb effects |
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Definition
| benzo's do not affect the respiratory centers in the brain, no reduction in overall functioning in the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
drowsiness and lessen anxiety
dizziness
light-headedness
difficulty with coordination |
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Term
| Benzo withdrawal symptoms |
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Definition
Anxiety
Insomnia
Agitation
Anorexia
Tremor
Muscle twitching
Nausea/vomiting |
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Term
| prolonged use of benzo's can cause |
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Definition
hallucinations
delirium
grand mal convulsions
death |
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Term
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Definition
| If taken during traveling, the person may awaken before the effect of the drug is gone and then suffer memory loss during the time before the drug is eliminated from the body. |
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Term
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Definition
(tranquilizer), Another drug in the benzodiazepine class also manufactured by Upjohn – its #1 selling drug in 1991-92
Side effects
extremely difficult withdrawal
Highly addicting in a short time |
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Term
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Definition
SSRI-prozac, zoloft
SNRI-cymbalta, effexor
DRI/NRI-wellbutrin, zyban
TCA- elavil, dothapax, prothiaden |
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Term
| Serotonin can cause control of |
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Definition
Appetite
Sleep
memory and learning
temperature regulation
Mood
Behaviour
cardiovascular function
muscle contraction
endocrine regulation
depression |
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Term
| 4 Categories of inhalants |
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Definition
volatile solvents- industrial solvents (dry cleaning fluids, gasoline, office supplies
aerosols
gas- propane tanks, whipping cream
nitrates- "poppers" |
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Term
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Definition
| slight stimulation, less inhibition |
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Term
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Definition
| younger people like 8th graders |
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Term
| Where are opiate poppies grown? |
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Definition
the golden triangle (laos, burma, thai)
the golden crescent (afghan, paki, iran, mideast)
mexico and columbia |
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Term
| common traits of narcotics |
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Definition
tend to be painkillers or can induce drowsiness, mental clouding, lethary, and sleep
physically addicting, generate euphoria and contipation |
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Term
| Morpheus is the God of ______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| any of the narcotic opioid alkaloids found as natural products in the opium poppy plant |
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Term
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Definition
| a chemical that works by binding to opioid receptors, which are found principally in the central and peripheral nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
Heroin is chemically derived from morphine.
Morphine is extracted from opium, which is roughly 10 percent morphine by weight. |
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Term
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Definition
| muscular relaxation, euphoria, lowered body temp, decreased blood pressure, skin flushed and warm, analgesia |
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Term
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Definition
| used to relieve moderate to severe pain that has not been relieved by non-narcotic pain relievers. It also is used to prevent withdrawal symptoms in patients who were addicted to opiate drugs |
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