Term
| What are the 5 painkillers we studied? |
|
Definition
| Aspirin, Bufferin, Excedrin, Ibuprofen, and Acetaminophen |
|
|
Term
| Which Painkillers are most acidic? (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which painkillers are least acidic? (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a Ferric Nitrate Test Test for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which painkillers tested positive for a phenol group? (3) |
|
Definition
| acetaminophen, excedrin, and bufferin |
|
|
Term
| Which painkillers tested Negative for a phenol group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the two antacids we studied? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most basic antacid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which antacid tested positive in the Ferric Nitrate test and why? |
|
Definition
| Alkaseltzer because of its aspirin content. |
|
|
Term
| What is Tuberculosis Caused by? |
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
| How many main strands are there of tuberculosis and which is the most common? |
|
Definition
| There are 4 main strands of tuberculosis and the most common is Africanum. |
|
|
Term
| How is Tuberculosis transmitted? |
|
Definition
| It has to be active and it is transmitted through aerosol droplets from a cough or sneeze |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of tuberculosis? |
|
Definition
| coughing up blood, fatigue, loss of appetite, chest pain, enlarged lymph nodes. |
|
|
Term
| What are tests that detect Tuberculosis? (3) |
|
Definition
| biopsy, tuberculin skin test, or a chest x-ray. |
|
|
Term
| How is tuberculosis treated? |
|
Definition
| You can be sent to a sanitorium or given streptomycin. |
|
|
Term
| How is yellow fever transmitted? |
|
Definition
| through the bite of a mosquito |
|
|
Term
| Why is yellow fever called, "yellow fever"? |
|
Definition
| It is called yellow fever because it causes liver failure which causes jaundice or yellowing of the skin. |
|
|
Term
| Where is yellow fever mostly found? |
|
Definition
| It is found in the tropical parts of African and some areas in South America |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of Yellow Fever? |
|
Definition
| High fever, chills, headache, vomitting, and after a longer period of time possible liver or kidney failure. |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for yellow fever? |
|
Definition
| there is not an exact treatment but naproxen, fluids, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen are commonly used. |
|
|
Term
| Where is Naegleria Fowleri found? |
|
Definition
| In lakes and other large bodies of water. |
|
|
Term
| N. Fowleri infects the human body through what way of entry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long since you've had N. Fowleri are you expected to die? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why aren't there any tests for N. Fowleri? |
|
Definition
| It is too short of a time span to be able to take a test and get result. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bacterial or fungal infection of the skin. |
|
|
Term
| Which is the most common cause of mycetoma: Bacterial or Fungal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is bacterial mycetoma called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is fungal mycetoma called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of mycetoma? |
|
Definition
| Tumorous nodules that discharge an oily pus or granules. |
|
|
Term
| How is bacterial mycetoma detected and how is fungal mycetoma detected? |
|
Definition
| Bacterial mycetoma is detected because of their lighter color granules, where fungal mycetoma is detected because of darker colored granules. |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat mycetoma? |
|
Definition
| Antifungal medication, most more often amputations or surgery of some sort |
|
|
Term
| What causes mad cow disease? |
|
Definition
| Infectious proteins called prions |
|
|
Term
| How do you get mad cow disease? |
|
Definition
| You eat infected cow meat |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of mad cow disease? |
|
Definition
| change in personality or madness, severe muscle jerks, troubles moving. |
|
|
Term
| Which disease is commonly confused with Alzehimers and Huntingtons disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is Mad Cow disease incurable? |
|
Definition
| Because Prions are incurable. |
|
|
Term
| How do you become infected with Rabies? |
|
Definition
| You are bitten by an infected host and the saliva from the bite enters the blood and travels to the brain. |
|
|
Term
| What are symptoms of rabies? |
|
Definition
| fever, insomnia, confusion, slight paralysis, foaming at the mouth. |
|
|
Term
| When testing for Rabies, what do DFA tests look for? |
|
Definition
| DFA tests look for the presence of antigens in the brain. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Rabies Vaccine called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacteriology: List from largest to smallest. (7) |
|
Definition
| Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes, Viruses, Proteins, Small Molecules, Atoms |
|
|
Term
| Where are bacteria able to thrive? |
|
Definition
| Everywhere, including places very acidic, hot, salty, and cold |
|
|
Term
| how do bacteria propel themselves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to move toward or away from certain stimuli |
|
|
Term
| How do bacteria reproduce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a chromosome goes through DNA replication, then chromosome segregation, cytokinesis, then you have two new cells. |
|
|
Term
| Which has a large pepridoglycan layer? (Gram Positive or Gram Negative) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which has an outer membrane and a pepridoglycan layer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can live with or without oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do phototrophs get their energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do lithotrophs get their energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do organotrophs get their energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where to phototrophs, specifically photoheterotrophs, get their source of carbon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do phototrophs, specifically, photoautotrophs get their carbon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do lithotrophs, specifically lithoheterotrophs, get their carbon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do lithotrophs, specifically lithoautotrohps, get their source of carbon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do organotrophs, specifically chemoheterotrophs get their carbon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do organotrophs, specifically chemoautotrophs, get their carbon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A very small infectious particle consisting of nucleic acid |
|
|
Term
| Where is the one place that viruses can reproduce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| either double stranded DNA or double stranded RNA |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Lytic Cycle: |
|
Definition
| The Lytic Cycle produces new phages and digests the host cells wall, releasing the progeny virus |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Lysogenic Cycle: |
|
Definition
| This cycle replicates the genome without destroying the host cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the viral DNA that is incorporated in the host cell's DNA |
|
|
Term
| What is a temperate Phage? |
|
Definition
| A phage that uses both cycles. |
|
|
Term
| What does a gram stain check for? |
|
Definition
| Whether bacteria is gram positive or gram negative |
|
|
Term
| In order for it to be a pathogenic bacteria, it has to be able to: (4) |
|
Definition
| Invade the host, resist internal defenses, harm the host, and prohibit growth. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Causative agent of the Bubonic plague? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you become infected with the Bubonic plague? |
|
Definition
| a flea bites someone and regurgitates the bacteria into someones blood |
|
|
Term
| What is the causative agent of strep throat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of strep throat? |
|
Definition
| severe sore throat, inflamed tonsils |
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose strep throat? |
|
Definition
| rapid strep test, throat culture on blood agar plates |
|
|
Term
| What is the rapid strep test specifically testing for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do you treat strep throat? What if the person is allergic to the main treatment? |
|
Definition
| Treat with penicillin, if they are allergic treat with cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| What did Alexander Fleming do? |
|
Definition
| noticed that around a growing region of mold, no staphyloccocus grew. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a chemical that kills bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chemical that inhibits the growth of bacteria |
|
|
Term
| What are the Cytopathic effects of viruses? (3) |
|
Definition
| Accumulation of large numbers of multiplying viruses, effects of viral protins on the permeability of the host cell's plasma membrane, and the inhibition of host DNA, RNA protein synthesis. |
|
|
Term
| AIDS: What is the HIV structure? |
|
Definition
| A viral envelope containing glycopriteins, two strands of rna, and two molecules of reverse transcriptase |
|
|
Term
| Describe the infection process of AIDS |
|
Definition
| Glycoproteins bind with the CD 4 receptors on the T lymphocytes, which is internalized by endocytosis, then the viral RNA is transcribed into DNA by viral reverse transcriptase |
|
|
Term
| Describe Category A of AIDS: |
|
Definition
| swollen lymph nodes, can last up to three years |
|
|
Term
| Describe category B of AIDS: |
|
Definition
| persistent yeast infections, shingles, 3-8 years after infection |
|
|
Term
| Describe Category C of AIDS: |
|
Definition
| full blown aids, and lots of secondary infections due to a weak immune system. |
|
|
Term
| What is small pox formed from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the first disease to have a vaccine developed for it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Chicken pox enter? |
|
Definition
| Through the respiratory system |
|
|
Term
| What are symptoms of HSV-1, what is it caused by and how is it treated? |
|
Definition
| Cold sores, hormonal changes or UV exposure, and treated by Abreva. |
|
|
Term
| What is HSV-2 and how is it treated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are measles and how is it treated? |
|
Definition
| a viral disease that leads to secondary bacterial infections, only lives in humans and is only treated by the MMR vaccine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| by drinking contaminated water |
|
|
Term
| Where does polio mainly affect? |
|
Definition
| throat and small intestine |
|
|
Term
| how does polio cause paralysis? |
|
Definition
| by killing the motor cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes mononucleosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is mononucleosis spread? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is there a treatment for mononucleosis? |
|
Definition
| no, but once you get it you cant get it again. |
|
|
Term
| what is the common cold caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is there no treatment for the common cold? |
|
Definition
| because there are multiple strands of the rhinovirus and it is too hard to target the specific one |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coughing sneezing, touching contaminated surfaces |
|
|
Term
| Where does hepatitis A-D all infect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transmitted through contaminated water or food, no cure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tansmitted through blood contact or sex, can lead to liver failure, no cure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| known as the silent epidemic, there are no symptoms you only know from liver failure. |
|
|
Term
| What causes genital herpes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common sexually transmitted disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In order to form a stable struture, the _____ must match up. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do you detect dwarfism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for dwarfism? |
|
Definition
| no treatment, but hormone injections help |
|
|
Term
| What gene is affected in dwarfism, and is it dominant, recessive, etc. |
|
Definition
| FGFR3 gene, autosomal dominant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no hair, big head, small jaw, and growth problems. |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat progeria? |
|
Definition
| no treatment but there is surgery to slow down the cardiovascular disease |
|
|
Term
| What is the protein affected in Progeria? and what is it? |
|
Definition
| LMnA protein, autosomal dominant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood cannot clot, excessive bleeding. |
|
|
Term
| How do you test for hemophilia and what are the treatments? |
|
Definition
| Test with embryos of disease in the family. Treatments are replacement therapy |
|
|
Term
| What gene is affected in Hemophilia. and what is it? |
|
Definition
| factor 8,9, 11 gene, it is point mutation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rashes, blisters when out in the sun, not active at birth but triggered by somehting on the skin. |
|
|
Term
| How do you test for porphyria? How do you treat it? |
|
Definition
| Run blood and urine tests looking for heme levels. No cure, but cna give heme injections. |
|
|
Term
| What is the gene effected? what is it? in porphyria |
|
Definition
| ALAD and poly gene effected. Dominant, recessive, and sex linked. mutation of the gene. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a defect in melanin production. |
|
|
Term
| What is the gene effected in Albinism and what is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are symptoms of Muscular Dystrophy? |
|
Definition
| waddling walk, enlarged calf muscles, |
|
|
Term
| Whta do you test for with muscular dystrophy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the protein affected in muscular dystrophy? |
|
Definition
| Dystrohpin protein, mutation and deletion |
|
|
Term
| How do you test for downs syndrome? |
|
Definition
| aminocentesis tests at pregnancy or ultra sound for extra skin at the neck |
|
|
Term
| What is the protein effected in downs syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe Huntingtons disease: |
|
Definition
| You have movement, thinking, and psychiatric disorders, passed down from your parents. If you have it your child has a 50% chance of getting it. |
|
|
Term
| What is the genetic defect in Huntingons? |
|
Definition
| too many copies of chromosome 4. Dominant |
|
|
Term
| describe turners syndrome: |
|
Definition
| Mostly in girls, swollen hands feet, |
|
|
Term
| how do you test for/ treat turners syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Karyotype for deleted portion of chromosome. give them growth and estrogen repacement |
|
|
Term
| what is the genetic defect in turners syndrome? |
|
Definition
| there is an inorrect line up so there are not 2 x chromosomes |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of a biomolecule? |
|
Definition
| polymer chain of amino acid |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of cholestorol? |
|
Definition
| to convert bile acids to digest foods |
|
|
Term
| DEscribe the regulation of cholestorol biosynthesis: |
|
Definition
| You ingest food that travels to the small intesting where it is changed into chylomicrons to travel through the blood stream, there chylomicrons in the cell are broken down to regulate the COA reductase. They are then transported through the lymph and blood steam. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where there are gall stones in the fall bladded. They are composed of cholesterol. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clots that form buildup of lipids |
|
|
Term
| What is Serum cholestorol regulation |
|
Definition
|
|
