Term
| What is a common sensitivity and not an allergy? |
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Definition
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Term
| A true allergy can result in what? |
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Definition
| Acute breathing difficulty, angioedema, and severe skin reactions |
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Term
| What allergy questions should be asked of patients? |
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Definition
(1) what reaction occured (was it a mild rash, a severe rash with blisters, trouble breathing?)
(2) When did it occur? (about how old were you?)
(3) Can you use similar drugs in the same class (for example, if they report an allergy to penicillin, have they ever used keflex?).
When recording reactions, include any food allergies, and latex allergies. Latex allergies should be recorded since some drugs require tubing, have latex vial stoppers, or require gloves for administration
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Term
| Is stomach upset a true allergy? |
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Definition
NO!
This is commonly reported as an allergy, and should be listed as a reaction (since it bothered the patient). But it's not a true allergy. Many patients get stomach upset from codeine (but not hydrocodone) or from erythromycin (but not azithromycin). |
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Term
| Peanuts and ___ are in the same family and can have cross - reactivity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Parents of children with peanut allergies should be trained in CPR and carry what type of pen with them? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some drugs to avoid in peanut allergy? |
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Definition
Ipratropium/albuterol (Combivent) - there should be a new formulation without soy lecithin
Clevidipine (Cleviprex)
Propofol (Diprivan) |
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Term
| A person with a true egg allergy can't eat what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Those with egg allergies can't use what drugs? |
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Definition
Seasonal and H1N1 influenza shots or nasal mists, and a few other vaccines
Clevidipine (Cleviprex)
Propofol (Diprivan) |
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Term
If a patient has an allergy to penicillin (or other beta lactams), can they use a drug in the same class? |
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Definition
NO. In reality, the cross - reactivity between penicillin and other beta lactams is much lower than previously thought (~1%). But the exams are primarily safety - focused and you should not pick an agent that can cross - react. You can also consider desensitization to the drug as well, if appropriate |
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Term
| Which opiods do not cross - react with opoids of the morphine - type? |
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Definition
| Fentanyl (Duragesic), meperidine (Demerol) and methadone (Dolophine) |
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Term
| Opioids can commonly cause histamine - induced skin rash/itching. This can be reduced or avoided if the patient is pre-medicated with what? |
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Definition
| Antihistamines before use (diphenhydramine) |
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Term
| Sufla allergies are most commonly reported with what drug? |
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Definition
| sulfamethoxazole (SMX, in Bactrim, Septra) |
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Term
| Those with a sulfa allergy should avoid using what? |
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Definition
| sulfapyridine, sulfadiazine and sulfisoxazole |
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Term
| Do "non-arylamine" sulfonamides (thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, sulfonylureas, acetazolamide and celecoxib) usually cross react with SMX allergies? |
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Definition
NO!
But on the exam you will likely have to recognize the reaction. Since the cross - reactivity between SMX and thiazides and loops is very small, the reaction is usually not considered when the need for these drugs is present. The patient should be aware to watch for a possible reaction. Sulfites or sulfate allergies do not cross react with a sulfonamide allergy. |
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Term
| Can NSAIDs cause breathig problems in certain indiviuduals? |
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Definition
Yes.
Many people with asthma or chornic nasal congestin (and some other people who don't have these problems) have sensitivity to aspirin.
Make sure all asthma patients and anyone with brething difficulty, is asked about aspirin sensitivity. |
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Term
| Which drugs most commonly cause sun sensitivity? |
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Definition
| sulfa antibiotics and tetracyclines |
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Term
| How to, generally, treat anaphylactic reaction? |
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Definition
epinephrine injection +/- diphenhydramine
If a patient has an anaphylactic reaction, they will need to go to the ER right away (or call 911).
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Term
| Swollen airways can be quickly fata and patients who have had such a reaction should carry what? |
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Definition
injectable epinephrine (EpiPen, Twinject), and include diphenhydramine tablets (25 mg) and emergency contact infromation |
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Term
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Definition
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