Term
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Definition
| the end result of drug seeking behavior; animal models; drugs of abuse are reinforcing |
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Term
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Definition
| the non-medical use of a substance for any of the followig reasons - psyhic effect, dependence, or sucicide attempt/gesture |
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Term
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Definition
| the effect of a specific dosage with repeated administration, or a higher dosage is needed to produce the same effect with repeated administration. |
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Term
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Definition
| due to changes in the pharmokineticproperties of the drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and/or elimination) |
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Term
| pharmacodynamic tolerance |
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Definition
| due to adaptive changes in the affected systems (e.g. down-regulation of receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual alters their behavior in order to adapt or compensate for a drug (ex. Alcoholic widens gate) |
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Term
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Definition
| is the presence of a "withdrawl" or abstinece syndrome, which is charaterized by signs and symptoms usually opposite to those produced by the acute administration of the drug. |
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Term
| behavioral/psychological dependence |
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Definition
| enduring problem with drug abuse and can occur independently of physical dependence. |
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Term
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Definition
| this phenomenon arises in some drug categories, such as the opiates (heroin, morphine etc) and tryptamines (LSD, mescaline and psilocybin) when the prolonged use of one drug in the group results in the development of tolerance to the others opioids. |
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Term
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Definition
| when drug abusers abuse multiple drugs; very few abuse only a single drug |
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Term
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Definition
| CB1 receptor: central(brain psychoactive effects)responsible for behavioral dependence.CB2 receptor: peripheral(tonsils, testes, etc.) |
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Term
| Cannaibinoids (THC) Dependence and OD |
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Definition
| Creates no physical dependence, creates behavioral dependence and tolerance. OD:rare but treated with Rimonabant |
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Term
| CNS Stimulants(Cocaine, Amphetamine, Methamphetamine)MOA |
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Definition
Indirect-acting sympathomimetics that increase dopamine and norepinephrine
Differential tolerance to some effects not all |
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Term
| CNS Stimulants(Cocaine, Amphetamine, Methamphetamine) Dependence & OD |
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Definition
OD: anti-psychotics or CV drugs HR high use cardiovascular drug Beta blocker; propranolol.
Dep: anti- depressants
Treat psychotic symptoms with chlorprozine, and halopradol
Causes behavior/physical(depression like symptoms)and tolerance: anorectic, tolerant to some effects and not all tolerate to all euphorogenic effects etc. |
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Term
Dissociative Anesthetics
(PCP, Ketamine) MOA |
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Definition
| Glutamate receptor antagonists |
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Term
Dissociative Anesthetics
(PCP, Ketamine) Dependence |
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Definition
| Physical dependence is life threatening withdrawl that suppresses neuronal firing. Produces behavioral dependence and tolerance. |
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Term
Dissociative Anesthetics
PCP, Ketamine) OD |
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Definition
OD: life support
Dep: no real treatment deal with symptoms |
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Term
| CNS Stimulants(Cocaine, Amphetamine, Methamphetamine) OD |
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Definition
OD: anti-psychotics or CV drugs HR high use cardiovascular drug Beta blocker; propranolol.
Dep: anti- depressants
Treat psychotic symptoms with chlorprozine, and halopradol
Causes behavior/physical(depression like symptoms)and tolerance: anorectic, tolerant to some effects and not all tolerate to all euphorogenic effects etc. |
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Term
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Definition
2 MOA:
1.)5-HT2A agonists (LSD, Peyote, mushrooms)
2.)anti-muscarinics (atropine, scopolamine) Cross tolerance: no cross tolerance with 1 and 2 because have different mechanisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| No physical tolerance (mice wont admit THC or Hallucigens); Behavioral dependence:Yes; Creates tolerance but no cross tolerance |
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Term
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Definition
OD: 1.)5-HT2A agonists: block atypical anti-psychotics(risperidone, ziprasidone)
2.)Anti-muscarinic: cholinesterase inhibitor (physostigmine) |
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Term
| Opioids(Morphine, Codeine, Heroin) MOA |
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Definition
| MOA: Mu Opioid receptor agonist |
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Term
| Opioids(Morphine, Codeine, Heroin)Dependence |
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Definition
| Physical dependence is not life threatening (but may feel that way), Behavioral Dependence occurs and tolerance occurs with differential tolerance, pain effects except constipation and pupil dilation |
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Term
| Opioids(Morphine, Codeine, Heroin) OD |
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Definition
OD: Naloxone people who aren’t dependent on them.Dep:1.)Substitution-
Methadone, Buprenorphine Drug diversion – adminstered a drug in way not prescribed (e.g. snorting it)
2.)Antagonist- Naltrexone only for someone who wants to quit. |
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Term
| Sedative hypnotics(benzodiazepines, barbiturate, ethanol) MOA |
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Definition
| Positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors. |
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Term
| Sedative hypnotics(benzodiazepines, barbiturate, ethanol)dependence |
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Definition
| Physical dependence is life threatening; withdrawl is extremely dangerous. Excitation with withdrawls causes convulsions. Both behavioral dependence and tolerance are created. |
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Term
| Sedative hypnotics(benzodiazepines, barbiturate, ethanol) OD |
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Definition
OD: 1)Barbiturates & Alcohol– life support 2)benzodiazepines– Flumazenil
Withdrawal: 1.)Alcohol – benzodiazepines
Dependence: 1.)Alcohol – naltrexone works on opiate receptor adverse therapy. Acomprosate, disulfaram makes you sick when you drink normally you have alcohol broken down to Acetyl Aldehyde and then broken down to acetate, and water. With drug alcohol is not metabolized properly and you have a build up of acetyl. |
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Term
| Volatile intoxicants(paints, glue, gasoline) MOA |
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Definition
| Unknown; appears to involve GABA because of cross tolerance with sedative hypnotics |
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Term
| Volatile intoxicants(paints, glue, gasoline)dependence |
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Definition
| Does not create physical dependence because drug is short acting. Drug creates both behavioral dependence and tolerance. |
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Term
| Volatile intoxicants(paints, glue, gasoline) OD |
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Definition
| OD: life support and benzos for seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| nACHR - Nicotinic receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| Very mild physical dependence but drug creates behavioral dependence and tolerance. |
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Term
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Definition
Substitution therapy
- bupropion block nicotinic receptors Varenicline (Chantix) |
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