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| is a threat of a naturally occurring event which will have a negative effect on humans. |
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| naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset events which can be geophysical (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis and volcanic activity), hydrological (avalanches and floods), climatological (extreme temp. droughts and wildfires), biological (disease epidemics and insect/animal plagues. |
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| this event is caused by body waves and surface waves. |
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| the deformation on the ground that marks the intersection of the Earth’s surface. |
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| occurs when a cohesionless saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress such as shaking during an earthquake. |
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| a series of extremely long waves caused by a large and sudden displacement of the ocean, usually the result of an earthquake below or near the ocean floor. |
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| streams of molten rocks that pour from an erupting vent. |
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| gases given off by active volcanoes. These include gases trapped in cavities in volcanic rocks, dissolve or dissociated gases in magma and lava. |
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| a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speed of 100km/h but is capable of reaching speeds up to 700km/h. |
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| the term tephra (ash) as originally defined was a synonym for pyroclastic materials. |
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| term that describes a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flows down the slopes of a volcano and typically enters a river valley. |
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| mixtures of sediments and water that flow down the slopes in response to gravity. |
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| Sediments moves from one place to another through the process of erosion. Erosion is the removal and transportation of rocks or soil and can move sediments through water or wind. |
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| An overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. Floods are an area of study in the discipline of hydrology. They are the most common and widespread natural severe weather event. It can also look very different because it covers anything from a few inches of water to several feet. |
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| Most commonly caused by wind. Wind-driven waves, surface waves are created by the friction between wind and surface water. As wind blows across the surface of the ocean or a lake , the continual disturbance creates a wave crest |
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| Prolonged dry period in the natural climate cycle that can occur anywhere in the world. It is a slow-onset disaster characterized by the lack of precipitation, resulting in a water shortage which can lead to a serious impact on health economy and environment. |
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| An intense circular storm that originates over warm tropical oceans and is characterized by low atmospheric pressure, high winds and heavy rain. If this storms occurs in East Pacific we call it Hurricane but if it forms in the West Pacific then we call it a Typhoon. |
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| A violent short-lived weather disturbance that is almost always associated with lightning, thunder, dense clouds, heavy rain or hail and strong winds. Also arise when layers of warm, moist air rise in a large, swift updraft to cooler regions of the atmosphere. |
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| A violently rotating column of air touching the ground, usually attached to the base of the thunderstorm. Spawned from powerful thunderstorms, tornadoes can cause fatalities and devastate a neighborhood in seconds. |
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| A type of solid rain made up of balls or lumps of ice. A type of storm that produce hail which reaches the ground are known as hailstorm. It may be accompanied by other severe weather events such as cyclones and tornadoes. |
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| A precipitation event during which a coating of ice forms on exposed objects by the freezing of super cooled water deposited by rain, drizzle and fog. |
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| A period of high heat and humidity with temperatures above 90 degrees for at least two to three days. In extreme heat your body works extra hard to maintain a normal temperature, which can lead to death. |
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