Term
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Definition
| Anatomy is the structure or morphology of our body from our skeletal shape down to the individual shape of a single cell |
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Definition
| the function of our body and its organ systems---how it works |
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| Sub Divisions of Anatomy (6) |
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Definition
Gross Anatomy
Regional
Systematic
Surface
Microscopic
Developmental |
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Term
| Sub Divisions of Physiology (4) |
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Definition
Renal
Neuro
Muscular
Cardiovascular |
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Definition
| The aquistion of food and utilization of its energy, plus excretion constitutes metabolism |
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Definition
| The breakdown of organic matter usually with the release of energy |
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Definition
| The build up of organic matter usually requiring an input of energy |
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Term
| What controls homeostais? |
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Definition
| positive and negative feedback |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulus -> receptor (sensor) -> control center -> effector |
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Term
| What consist of the Skeletal System? |
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Definition
Bones & Joints
Ligaments
Cartilage |
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Term
| What consist of the Lymphatic System? |
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Definition
Tonsils
Lymph Nodes
Spleen and thymus
Functions:
Drainage and immunity |
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Term
| What consist of the Integumentary system? |
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Definition
Skin
Hair
Nails
Functions:
Acts as protection & defense
Regulates body temperature |
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Term
| What consist of the cardiovascular system? |
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Definition
Heart
Blood Vessels
Functions:
Transport of Materials
Defends Against disease |
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Term
| what consist of the muscular system? |
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Definition
Muscles
Tendons
Functions:
Movement
Body Heat |
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Term
| What consist of the Endocrine System? |
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Definition
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid Gland
Functions:
Slow chemical control
Releases hormones |
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Term
| What consist of the Nervous system? |
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Definition
Brain
Spinal Cord
Functions:
Nervous Control
Interprets Changes in body's external and internal environment |
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Term
| What consist of the Respirator System? |
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Definition
Lungs
Trachea
Nose
Larynx
Functions:
Gas Exchange
Produces Sound |
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Term
| What consist of the Reproductive System? |
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Definition
Ovaries
Testes
Functions:
Producing offspring
hormone release |
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Term
| What consist of the Excretory system? |
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Definition
Kidneys
Bladder
Function:
Filtering wastes
Maintain body's mineral balance |
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Term
| What consist of the digestive system? |
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Definition
Stomach
Intestines
Function:
breakdown and absobtion of food
eliminates solid waste |
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Term
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Definition
Nearer to the midline of the body
Example: The heart lies medial to the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
Farther from the midline of the body
Example: the thumb is on the lateral side of the hand |
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Term
Define: Sagital
Transverse
Coronal |
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Definition
Sagital: median plane ... symmetrical
Transverse: horizontal view... in half
Coronal: frontal cut.... separates the back from front |
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Term
| What consists of the body Cavities? |
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Definition
Dorsal Cavity: Cranial & Vertebral
Ventral: Thoracic cavity
contains the Diaphragm
Adominopelvic cavity: abdominal
pelvic |
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Term
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Definition
| Anything that takes up space |
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Term
| What makes the atomic number? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes the atomic weight? |
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Definition
| The amount of protons & neutrons |
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Term
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Definition
| Atoms of an element with different number of neutrons |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of neutrons in the nucleus that makes the atom unstable |
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Term
| when an atom gains or loses electrons it becomes what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oppositely charged ions attract each other and form what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Bonds formed by the sharing of electrons to become stable with filled outer shells |
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Term
| Describe & define hydrogen bonds |
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Definition
Weak
Causes surface tension
Water bonding |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of mixtures |
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Definition
Solutions
Colloids
Suspensions |
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Term
| What is Exergonic reactions? |
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Definition
Release of energy
Products have less energy than the initial reactants
Energy/heat is given off |
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Term
| What is endergonic reactions? |
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Definition
Absorbs energy
reactions contain more potential energy in the chemical bonds |
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Term
| What can influence a reaction? |
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Definition
temperature
concentration
particle size
catalysts substances |
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Term
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Definition
| The concentration of hydrogen ions H+ in a solution |
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Term
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Definition
pH 7 - Neutral
0-7 acidic
7-14 basic |
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Term
| Carbrohydrates are made from what? |
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Definition
| Monosaccharides (simple sugars) |
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Term
| What are the building blocks of proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Phospholipids contain what? |
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Definition
| Phospholipids contain glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group |
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Term
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Definition
| Steroid is made up of a complex ring structure and include cholesterol which is used to synthesize the sex hormones |
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Term
| Function of nucleic acids |
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Definition
Nucleic acids form genes
Take parts protein synthesis |
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Term
| Nucleic Acids contain what? |
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Definition
Nucleic Acids consist of
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
phosphorus
which are bound into building blocks called nucleotides |
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Term
| What are the three main parts of the cell? |
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Definition
The cell's three main parts are
nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Phospholipds are the basic framework of cell membrane and consist of a double layer of fatty acid tails turned inward |
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Term
| What can pass through the lipid bilayer? |
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Definition
molecules that are soluble in lipids
oxygen
carbon dioxide
steroid hormones |
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Term
| The lipid bilayer is impermeable to what? |
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Definition
The lipid bilayer is impermeable to
amino acids
sugars
proteins
nucleic acids
various ions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what does the smooth er do? |
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Definition
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Term
| ribosomes are found where and are composed of what? What is there function? |
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Definition
in the ER and anre scattered throughout the cytoplasm
they are composed of protein and RNA and provide a structural support for the RNA molecules that come together in protein synthesis/ |
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Term
| The golgi apparatus is composed of what nad what is its function? |
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Definition
| Flattened sacs, and refines, packages, modifies and delivers proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| a pizza delivery service :) |
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Term
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Definition
| garbage disposal of the cell and contain digestive enzymes to break up old cell componets and bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
contain enzymes that function in the sythesis of bile acids, breakdown of lipids, degradation of rare biochemicals, and detoxification of alcohol.
abundant in the liver and kidney cells |
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Term
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Definition
powerhouse of the cell
contain enzyme sneeded for aerobic respiration |
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Term
microfiliments?
microtubules? |
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Definition
microfilaments-made of actin, cause various cellular movements
microtubles-made of globular protien tubulin |
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Term
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Definition
| structure made up of two hollow cylinders called centrioles that function in the separtion of chromosomes during cell division |
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Term
| what are cilia and flagella? |
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Definition
| motile extensions from the cell |
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Term
| nucleolus is composed of? |
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Definition
| RNA and protein and is the site of ribosome production |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of loosely coiled fibers and protein and DNA |
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Term
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Definition
requires no energy
Includes: diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
filtration |
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Term
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Definition
Requires cellular energy
Includes: active transport
endocytosis
exocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
random motion of molecules from an area greater of concentration to an area of lower concentration
to create equilibrium |
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Term
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Definition
Facilited diffusion uses membrane proteins that function as carriers to move molecules across the cell membrane
Limited by the number of carrier molecules in the cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| the diffusion of water from an area of greater water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane to an area of lower water concentration |
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Term
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic |
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Definition
Isotonic: same pressure as body fluids/area around it
Example: normal red blood cell
Hypertonic: Higher pressure inside
Example: shriveled red blood cell
Hypotonic: lower pressure
Example: bloated red blood cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Pinocytosis engulfs liquids |
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Term
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Definition
| Takes in lager particles... engulfs |
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Term
| Receptor mediated endocytosis |
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Definition
| receptor mediated endocytosis allows the cell to take in very specific molecules that pair up with specific receptors on teh cell surface |
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Term
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Definition
Enzymes control the rates of all the metabolic reactions of the cell.
Also lowers the activation energy needed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| describe epthelial tissue |
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Definition
Function: protection
secretion
absorption
excretion
Location: All over body surface
line the internal organs
Characteristics: lack blood vessels
cells tightly packed |
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Term
| describe connective tissue |
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Definition
function: bind
support
protect
fill spaces
store fat
produce blood cells
Location: widely distributed throughout the body
Characteristics: good blood supply
cells are farther apart than cells of epithelia |
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Term
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Definition
function: movement
Location: attached to bones
in walls of hollow internal organs
heart
Characteristics: Contractile |
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Term
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Definition
Function: transmit impulses for coordination
Location: Brain/ Spinal Cord/ Nerves
Characteristics: cells connect to each other & body parts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Melanocytes lie deep in the epidermis and underlying dermis
produce a pigment called melanin |
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Term
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Definition
Skin color results from a combination of genetic, environmental, and physiological factors.
Genetic differences are the result of the differing amounts of melanin |
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Term
| What is the function of the dermis? |
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Definition
| The dermis binds the epidermis to the underlying tissues |
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Term
| The dermis layer contains what? |
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Definition
The dermis contains:
nerve fibers
sensory fibers
hair follicles
sebaceous glands
sweat glands |
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Term
| What is the subcutaneous layer? |
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Definition
The subcutaneous layer is composed of loose connective tissue and insulating adipose tissue.
Binds the skin to the underlying organs and contains the blood vessels that supply the skin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What do nails consist of? |
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Definition
| Nails consist of stratified squamous epithelial cells |
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Term
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Definition
Basic bone functions:
support
protection
assistance in movement
mineral homeostasis
blood cell production
triglyceride production |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does the axial skeleton consist of? |
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Definition
The axial skeleton consist of the:
Skull
hyoid bone
vertebral column
thorax (ribs and sternum) |
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Term
| What does the appendicular skeleton system consist of? |
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Definition
The appendicular skeleton consist of the following:
pectoral girdle (scapulae and clavicles)
upper limbs (humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpls and phalanges)
Pelvic girdle (coxal bones articulating with the sacrum)
lower limbs (femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges) |
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Term
| The picture depicts types of bone fractures |
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Definition
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Term
| This picture is a depiction of bone healing |
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Definition
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Term
How many bones are in the cervical vertebrae?
What is its function? |
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Definition
There are 7 vertebrae bones
Function: make up the neck
support the head |
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Term
| What is special about the 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae? |
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Definition
Special function: 1st vertebra (atlas) appears as a bony ring and supports the head
Special function: 2nd vertebra (axis) has tooth like dens and pivots within the atlas |
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Term
| The following is a depiction of the axis and atlas vertebrae |
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Definition
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Term
| The thoracic vertebrae contains how many vertebrae? |
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Definition
The thoracic vertebrae contains 12 vertebrae that articulate with the ribs
Are stronger than the cervical vertebrae |
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Term
| The following is a depiction of the vertebrae |
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Definition
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Term
How many vertebrae consist of the lumbar region?
What is their function? |
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Definition
There are 5 lumbar vertebrae
Function: to support the weight of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| the sacrum is a triangular structure at the base of the vertebral column made up of five vertebrae fused into one bone |
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Term
| The following is a depiction of the sacrum and coccyx |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up the coccyx? |
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Definition
| The coccyx is made up of four fused vertebrae and is the lowermost portion of the vertebral column |
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Term
| The following is a depiction of the thoracic cage |
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Definition
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Term
| The following is a depiction of scoliosis |
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Definition
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Term
| The following is a depiction of lordosis |
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Definition
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Term
| The following is a depiction of kyphosis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
T A K E
A
B R E A K !!!!! |
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Term
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Definition
The types of Muscle Tissue are
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth |
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Term
| thick filaments of myofibrils are made up of what protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| Thin filaments of myofibrils are made up of what protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| A sacromere extends from where to where? |
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Definition
| A sacromere extends from z line to z line? |
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Term
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Definition
| Myosin consists of two twisted strands with globular cross-bridged projectd outward along the strands. |
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Term
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Definition
| Actin is a globular protein with myosin binding sites; Tropomysosin and troponin are two proteins associated with the surface of the actin filaments. |
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Term
| the following depicts the muscle contraction cycle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the time delay between when the stimulus is applied and when the muscle contracts |
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Term
| what muscles move the head? |
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Definition
| sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, and semispinalis capitis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| muscles of facial expression |
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Definition
| epicranius, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, buccinator, zygomatigus |
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Term
| muscles that move the arm |
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Definition
Flexors: corabrachialis and pectoralis major
extensors: teres major and latissimus dorsi
abducters: supraspinatus and the deltoid
rotators: subscapulairs, infraspinatus, and teres minor |
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Term
| muscles that move the forearm |
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Definition
flexors: biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
extensor: triceps brachii
rotators: supinator, pronator teres, pronator quadratus |
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Term
| muscles that move the wrist, hand, fingers |
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Definition
flexors: flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, and flexor digitorum profundus
extensors: extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, and extensor digitorum |
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Term
| muscles that move the thigh |
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Definition
Anterior group: psoas major and iliacus
posterior group: gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae
thigh adductors include the adductors longus, adductor magnus, and gracilis |
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Term
| the following is a depiction of the thigh muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the muscles that move the leg |
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Definition
flexors: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimebranosus, and sartorius
extensor: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius
Plantar flexors: gastrocnemius soleus, flexor digitorum longus
Invertor: Tibialis posterior
Evertor: Peroneus longus |
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Term
| Nervous system is next!!!! |
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Definition
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Term
| Overview image of the nervous system |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Define sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| Sympathetic division operates under conditions of stress or emergency |
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Term
| Define parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| Parasympathetic nervous system operates under normal conditions |
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Term
| What is the function of sensory neurons (afferent neurons) |
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Definition
Sensory neurons/Afferent
conduct impulses from peripheral receptors to the cns
Unipolar |
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Term
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Definition
| Interneurons are multi-polar neurons lying within the CNS that form links between other neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| Motor neurons are multipolar neurons that conduct impulses from the CNS to effectors |
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Term
| What is the Synapse and its function? |
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Definition
Synapse is the junction between two communicating neurons
In which exists a synaptic cleft between them across which the impulse must be conveyed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Internal parts of the brain |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
YOU'RE ALMOST DONE!!...>.>
..... IF YOU'RE DOING THE CARDS IN ORDER |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Enlarged image of ear parts |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Modified epithelial cells that function as receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| Taste Hairs are taste cell portions that are sensitive to taste. The hairs protrude from openings called taste pores |
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Definition
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