Term
| How is sedimentary rock made? |
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Definition
| From the compaction and/or cementation of pieces of sediment. |
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Term
| How is metamorphic rock made? |
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Definition
| From the rock being exposed to heat and pressure |
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Term
| How is igneous rock made? |
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Definition
| From rock that was melted and cooled. |
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Term
| In a layer of rocks, which are the oldest? |
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Definition
| The rocks on the bottom are the oldest (the ones on top are younger because those were laid down last). |
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Term
| What happens to rock that is exposed to compression forces? |
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Definition
| The rock layers become folded. |
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Term
| How are most volcanoes in the Ring Of Fire formed? |
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Definition
| By the subduction of the oceanic plate which causes magma to be squeezed up and out. |
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Term
| An increase in earthquake activity may be linked to ... |
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Definition
| an increase in volcanic activity. |
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Term
| Why are earthquakes linked to volcanic activity? |
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Definition
| These both tend to be related to the movement of tectonic plates. |
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Term
| How can lives be saved in volcanic areas? |
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Definition
| By monitoring volcanoes which will allow time to organize evacuations as needed. |
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Term
| Describe a divergent plate boundary. |
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Definition
| This is where the tectonic plates move away from each other and magma moves up to form new crust in the gap. |
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Term
| Describe a convergent plate boundary. |
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Definition
| This is where the tectonic plates move toward each other and collide. If this occurs between two continental plates then mountains will form. If this occurs between oceanic and continental crusts then subduction will occur. |
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Term
| What happens to cause the earth's tectonic plates to move. |
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Definition
| This is caused by convection currents in the mantle - the mantle moves in large circular patterns. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is also called a p-wave. These are compression waves that travel faster than s-waves. |
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Term
| What is a secondary wave? |
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Definition
| This is also called an s-wave. These are side-to-side waves that travel slower than p-waves. |
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Term
| What occurs along the Ring Of Fire? |
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Definition
| Both earthquakes and volcanoes are common along this area. |
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Term
| Why are there many volcanoes and earthquakes along the Ring of Fire? |
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Definition
| This is because there are edges of tectonic plates moving in this large area which makes a loop around the Pacific Ocean. |
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Term
| True or false: Seismic wave amplitude is lower in dense rock areas as opposed to loose earth areas. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The change from the liquid to gas such as from liquid water to vapor. |
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Term
| Where does most water get evaporated as part of the water cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The process of the removal of salt from water. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is a storage area of water such as in mountainous areas near Denver. |
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Term
| What happens to sediment that is deposited on level ground? |
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Definition
| It forms rock in level flat layers. |
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Term
| What happens to layers of rock at a fault line? |
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Definition
| There will be a definite and abrupt shift in the rock layers. |
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Term
| Describe a Shield Volcano. |
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Definition
| These have non-explosive eruptions with running lava so that they form a low flattened shape. |
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Term
| Describe a Composite Volcano. |
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Definition
| These have alternating eruptions with explosive and non-explosive events. |
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Term
| Describe a Cinder Cone Volcano. |
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Definition
| These have explosive eruptions which form high steep sides. |
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Term
| What can happen to Earth's average temperature due to volcanic eruptions? |
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Definition
| Temperature can decrease. |
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Term
| What can happen to the fertility of soil due to volcanic eruptions |
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Definition
| Soil fertility can increase |
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Term
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Definition
| Water in the form of rain, snow, or hail from the sky |
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Term
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Definition
| When a gas such as water vapor changes into liquid |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of water down the land and into lakes, rivers, or ponds. |
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Term
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Definition
| The gap in the crust caused by plates moving apart at a divergent plate boundary. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is an area of Mantle plumes - these are areas of hot, upwelling mantle which produces active volcanoes at the Earth's surface and can form islands. |
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Term
| Lava with a low content of silica and a high temperature will create .... lava. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lava with high content of silica and a low temperature will create .... lava. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: Ash fall from volcanoes can be a far reaching hazard extending across continents. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| These are seismic waves that cause the Earth's surface to move and often causes significant damage to buildings and bridges. |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of water off the leaves of plants into the air that draws water up through the plant. |
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Term
| Describe intrusive igneous rocks |
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Definition
| These are made from molten rock that cools slowly below the earth's surface forming relatively large crystals and a rough texture. |
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Term
| Describe extrusive igneous rocks |
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Definition
| These are made from molten rock that cools quickly at or above the earth's surface forming small or no crystals and a smooth texture. |
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Term
| What is shown on a topographical map? |
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Definition
| This type of map shows the elevations of the landforms - shows hills, valleys, etc. |
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Term
| What is another name for a topographical map? |
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Definition
| Contour map or relief map |
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Term
| What is the term used when the information from a topographical map is used to represent the side view of the landforms? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you calculate the gradient from a topographical map? |
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Definition
| This equals the change in elevation divided by the horizontal distance |
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Term
| What is another name for the gradient of a land form? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| This is the bar or line usually near the bottom of the map that shows how many miles (or Kilometers) are represented for each inch (or other increment) on the map. |
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