Term
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Definition
| Pressure related injuries |
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Term
| What are the different types of barotrauma? |
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Definition
| Ear, Sinus, Dental, Pulmonary and Equipment |
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Term
| What is the cause of ear barotrauma? |
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Definition
| Unequal pressure on air spaces. |
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Term
| What are the types of ear barotrauma? |
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Definition
| Outer ear squeeze, middle ear squeeze and round window rupture. |
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Term
| What is the cause of an outer ear squeeze? |
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Definition
| A tight fitting hood or a plug in the ear canal which causes the ear drum to bulge outward and possibly rupture. |
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Term
| What is the cause of a middle ear squeeze? |
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Definition
| A blocked eustachian tube which causes the ear drum to bulge inward and possibly rupture. |
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Term
| What is the trapdoor effect? |
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Definition
| When equalization is delayed, ambient pressure in the throat holds the eustachian tube shut and prevents equalization. |
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Term
| How do you prevent the trapdoor effect? |
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Definition
| Equalize gently, early and often. |
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Term
| What is a round window rupture? |
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Definition
| A rupture of the "round window" membrane of the inner ear caused by excessive force to equalize the middle ear on descent. |
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Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of a round window rupture? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 sets of sinuses? |
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Definition
| Frontal: above the eyes, Ethmoidal: behind the cheekbones, Sphenoid: deeper behind the eyes and the Maxillary: behind the nose |
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Term
| What is the cause of sinus barotrauma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cause of dental barotrauma? |
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Definition
| Unequal pressure inside an air pocket in or around a tooth due to tooth decay and or an incomplete filling. |
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Term
| What are the two types of equipment barotrauma? |
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Definition
| Mask (creates a pulling sensation on the face and eyes) and dry suit (pinching the skin) |
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Term
| What are the types of pulmonary barotrauma? |
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Definition
| Subcutaneous emphysema, Mediastinal emphysema, Spontaneous pneumothorax and arterial gas embolism |
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Term
| What actions should be taken when experiencing a reverse squeeze during a dive? |
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Definition
| Slow or stop ascent to allow pressure to vent. |
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Term
| What is the "rebound effect"? |
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Definition
| Decongestant medication can wear off quickly under pressure and can cause air passages to close tightly. |
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Term
| What are the causes of pulmonary barotrauma? |
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Definition
| Breath holding while ascending with compressed air in the lungs and/or air trapped in part of the lung from mucus plug or lung defect. |
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Term
| What is mediastinal emphysema? |
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Definition
| Air, which has escaped from the lungs due to an over-pressurization tear of the alveoli, that has settled under the breast bone. |
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Term
| What is subcutaneous emphysema? |
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Definition
| Air, which has escaped from the lungs due to an over-pressurization tear of the alveoli, that has settled in the neck area. |
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