Term
| How does pressure relate to altitude and depth? |
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Definition
| Pressure decreases with altitude and increases with depth. |
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Term
| What is the weight of air at sea level? |
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Definition
| 14.7 pounds per square inch. |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| Water is ______ times more dense than air. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How does compression relate to air and water? |
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Definition
| Air can be compressed, water does not. |
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Term
| Light travels _____% _____ in water than in air. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How does refraction make objects in the water appear? |
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Definition
| 25% closer and 33% larger. |
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Term
| How well does sound travel in water? |
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Definition
| Sound travels 4 times faster in water than in air. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A bacterial or fungal infection of the outer ear canal. |
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Term
| What is a bacterial or fungal infection of the outer ear canal called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bacterial infection of the middle ear. |
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|
Term
| What is a bacterial infection of the middle ear called? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Water conducts heat _______ times faster than air. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Water absorbes heat _____ times more than air. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| By what ways can the body lose heat? |
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Definition
| Conduction, Convection, Respiration and Evaporation. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Heat lost through direct physical contact with another object. |
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Term
| What is it called when heat is lost through direct contact with another object. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| When heat is lost to water or air which is circulating around the body. |
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Term
| What is it called when heat is lost to water or air which is circulating around the body. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How is heat lost through respiration? |
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Definition
| Body heat is added to air in the lungs which is lost with exhilation. |
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Term
| What is it called when body heat is lost due to exhilation. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Below normal body core temperature. |
|
|
Term
| What is below normal body temperature called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the first stage of hypothermia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the 2nd stage of hypothermia? |
|
Definition
| Confusion, impairment of rational thought. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Above normal body core temperature. |
|
|
Term
| How do you prevent/treat hypothermia? |
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Definition
| Proper insulation; stop diving when cold and/or shivering; remove wet clothing; prevent further heat loss. |
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Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion? |
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Definition
| Normal body temperature; Sweating; Cool and clammy skin; Dizziness and nausea |
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Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of heat stroke? |
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Definition
| High body temperature; Dry skin; Hot and red skin; altered level of consciousness. |
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|
Term
| What is the treatment for hyperthermia? |
|
Definition
| Move patient to cool location; Remove excess clothing; Apply cool, wet cloths and fan the patient; allow conscious patient to drink water. |
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|
Term
| What are the three states of buoyancy? |
|
Definition
| Positive, Negative and neutral buoyancy. |
|
|
Term
| What is positive buoyancy? |
|
Definition
| When an object's weight is less than the weight of the water it displaces and the object floats. |
|
|
Term
| What is negative buoyancy? |
|
Definition
| When an object's weight is more than the weight of the water it displaces and the object sinks. |
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|
Term
| What is neutral buoyancy? |
|
Definition
| When an object's weight equals the weight of the water it displaces and the object neither floats nor sinks. |
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Term
| What is the initial, pre-dive, test for buoyancy? |
|
Definition
| Adjust weight to float at eye level, after exhalation, with no air in BC and wearing a dry suit. |
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Term
| What is the final, end-of-dive, test for buoyancy? |
|
Definition
| Adjust weights to be able to remain neutrally buoyant at a depth of 15 feet with no air in the BC and 500 psi of air in tank while wearing a dry suit. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A squeeze is an injury that occurs when the pressure outside an air space is greater than the pressure inside the air space. |
|
|
Term
| What is a reverse squeeze? |
|
Definition
| An injury that occurs when the pressure inside and air space is greater than outside the air space. |
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|
Term
| What are the different diver's air spaces? |
|
Definition
| Ears,sinuses,lungs,teeth and equipment air spaces. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three main parts of the ear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three ear equalization methods? |
|
Definition
| Frenzel maneuver (contracting jaw with nose/mouth closed; Toynbee maneuver (Swallowing with nose/mouth closed); Valsalva maneuver (Holding nose and gently trying to exhale through the nose) |
|
|
Term
| What should you do if you are unable to equalize your ears? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should you begin equalization? |
|
Definition
| Immediately upon descent. |
|
|
Term
| Equalization is easier when ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will happen if you hold your breath during ascent? |
|
Definition
| The air in the lungs will expand and the lungs will rupture. |
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