Term
| Fractures - types, treatment |
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Definition
bowing, buckling, greenstick, & complete
fractures can be treated using splints, casting, traction w/internal or external fixation and can be open or closed reduction. It depends on the complexity of the fracture. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine that exceeds 10 degrees |
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Term
| Cleft lip and palate - newborn, parent interactions |
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Definition
| encourage the parent to hold the child immediately. Acknowledge their feelings of guilt, anger, and sadness. Encourage them to feed their infact as this is effective nurturing. Give them information about how surgery will correct the defect. |
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Term
| Sprain - types, nursing care, complications |
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Definition
| Sprains result from a twisting or turning of a body part. Tendons and ligaments may stretch and even tear slightly. Treatment is Nursing care is rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE). Some cases may require splinting or casting. |
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Term
| Osteomylitis - nursing care |
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Definition
| It is a bacterial infection of the bone and the soft tissue surrounding the bone. Usually S. aureus is the bacteria. Nursing Care focuses on assessment, pain management, antibiotics for infection, and antipyretics for fever control. |
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Term
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Definition
| Casts come in plaster traditionally but typically are fiberglass currently. Common types are Short-arm, long-arm, short-leg, long-leg, shoulder spica, long-leg hip spics, one and a half hip spics, and adbuction boots. Nursing care: Monitor for signs of increased pain, edema, pale or blue skin, coolness, numbness or tingling, prolonged cap refill, decreased pulse strength |
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Term
| Pediculosis - what is it? Treatment? |
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Definition
| Pediculosis capitis (head lice). Treatment. Washing hair with a pediculicide such as permethrin, pyrethrins, lindane, or malathion. |
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Term
| Acne - treatment, nursing care |
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Definition
| Acne Neonatorum occurs in infants 2 to 4 weeks old and usually will resolve itself w/o intervention as the infants hormones levels stabilize. Acne Vulgaris occurs in adolescents ages 12 to 16. Treatment includes: Face washing twice/day, medications that reduce inflammation, P. acnes, and decreasing sebum production. |
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Term
| Burns - Characteristics, nursing care |
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Definition
| Burns in order of severity are categorized as superficial (epidermis only), partial thickness (epidermis & portions of the dermis), Deep partial thickness (changes in nail & hair appearance and altered sebaceous gland function and possible scarring), Full thickness (epidermis, dermis, & hypodermis with extensive scarring. hair follicles & sebaceous glands are destroyed) and fourth degree where underlying tendons and bone are involved. Nursing care focuses on maintaining a patent airway through oxygen therapy, fluid volume restoration (based on BSA), preventing hyperthermia, cleansing of burn, preventing infection, pain management, and burn rehabilitatio. |
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Term
| Impetigo - definition, S/S |
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Definition
| Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection that results in an erythematous rash with honey-colored crusting. |
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Term
| Seizures - types, nursing care |
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Definition
| Seizure types: infantile spasms, Abscence (petit mal), Tonic-Clonic (Grand Mal), Myoclonic, Atonic, Simple partial, Complex partial, & Status Epilepticus. Nursing Care focuses on injury prevention during seizures, medication administration, and family education & support. |
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Term
| Otitis Media - definition, S/S |
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Definition
| Bacterial or viral infection of the fluid in the middle ear. Usually results from an upper respiratory infection. May be accompanied by fever and pain. |
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Term
| Down's syndrome - definition, complications |
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Definition
| Genetic disorder in which there is an extra 21st chromosome. Characterized by intellectual disability, slanted eyes, depressed nasal bridge, cardiac defects, visual & hearing impairment, etc. Complications: congenital heart disease, GI disorders, Sleep apnea, visual and hearing impairments, |
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Term
| Hydrocephalus - definition, nursing care |
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Definition
| Hydrocephalus is not a disease in itself but the result of underlying brain disorders. It is caused by an imbalance in the production and absorption of CSF. The ventricles enlarge causing an increase in ICP. Nursing care, maintain cerebral perfusion, minimize complications, prevent infection, maintain adequate nutrition, and promote growth and development. |
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Term
| Ear/Eye drop administration |
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Definition
| Ear - (younger than 3) pull the pinna down and back. (older than 3) pull the pinna up and back. Eye. Gently pull down on the lower lid while having the child look up. Instill the medication into the conjunctival sac. |
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Term
| Developmental Delay - definition, S/S |
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Definition
| lag in meeting developmental milestones. Failure to smile, react to loud noises, coo, can't hold head up, or bring hands to mouth |
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Term
| Strabismus - definition, S/S |
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Definition
| is a misalignment of the eyes. You will be able to visually see the eyes turned inward or outward. The stronger eye can be patched or there may be surgical correction necessary. |
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Term
| Cerebral Palsy - nursing care |
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Definition
| abnormal motor pattern and postures caused by abnormal brain function. Spasticity, muscle weakness, and ataxia. Nursing care, promote mobility, nutrition, education, and support. |
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Term
| Hip dysplasia - definition, S/S |
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Definition
| Hip dysplasia occurs when the femoral head has an abnormal relationship to the acetabulum. It is shallow rather than cup shaped. |
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Term
| Ringworm - definition, S/S |
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Definition
| Annular lesion with raised peripheral scaling and central clearing (looks like a ring). Treatment is a topical antifungal cream for at least 4 weeks. |
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Term
| Atrial Septal defects - nursing care, definition, treatment |
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Definition
| A passageway or hole in the wall (septum) that divides the right and left atrium. Blood flows from left to right atrium because of pressure difference. |
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Term
| Ventricular Septal Defect - nursing care, definition, treatment |
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Definition
| Blood flow is determined by pulmonary vascular resistance and systemic vascular resistance. |
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Term
| Tetralogy of Fallot - definition, S/S |
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Definition
| A congenital heart defect composed of four heart defects: 1)pulmonary stenosis, 2)VSD, 3)overriding aorta (enlargement of the aortic valve to the extent that it appears to arise from the right and left ventricles rather than the anatomically correct left ventricle), and 4)right ventricular hypertrophy. S/S - cyanosis, pulmonary hypoxemia, dyspnea, & harsh murmur. |
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Term
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Definition
WBC - fight against infection. numbers increase when infection is present
RBC - Carry oxygen. To low (anemia), to high and RBC could clump together
Hematocrit - Tells how much of blood volume is made up of RBC by percentage
Hemoglobin - carries oxygen and the test is an indicator of oxygen portability
Platelets - are responsible for stopping bleeding when it occurs |
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Term
| Rheumatic fever - definition |
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Definition
| is a delayed sequela of group A streptococcal pharyngeal infection. |
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Term
| Asthma - definition, nursing care, treatment, S/S, diagnostics |
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Definition
| Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, airway edema, and mucus production. S/S airway edema, bronchoconstriction, and mus, airway remodeling. Treatment - avoidance of asthma triggers and reduction or control of inflammatory episods. bronchodilators. Nursing care - restoring clear airway and promote oxygenation and ventilation. |
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Term
| Improving Oxygenation - ` |
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Definition
Frequent assessment of cardiopulmonary status
Assess airway patency and suction
Position in Fowler or semi-fowler
Monitor vital signs, O2 saturation, and coloring
Observe for tachypnea, nasal flaring, grunting, and retractions |
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Term
| Bronchiolitis - definition, S/S, nursing care |
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Definition
| Bronchiolitis is an acuste inflammatory process of the bronchioles and small bronchi. Nearly always caused by viral pathogen. S/S - hyperinflation & atelectasis, alterations in gas exchange, arterial hypoxemia, carbon dioxide retention. You can inhale but exhaling is limited to incomplete expirations. Nursing care - antipyretics, hydration, and close observation |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the throat mucosa. A sore throat may accompany nasal congestion and is often viral in nature. |
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Term
| Coartation of aorta - definition, S/S |
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Definition
| Narrowing of the aorta. Occurs most often in the area near the ductus arteriosus. S/S blood pressure is increased in the heart and upper portions of the body while it is decreased in the lower portions. |
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Term
| Congenital heart disease - treatment, nursing care |
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Definition
| Surgical or palliative care. |
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Term
| Leukemia - S/S, treatment |
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Definition
| immature lymphoblasts, excessive growth of lymphoblasts, massive metabolic needs, weight loss, muscle wasting. vomiting, headache, seizures, coma, vision alterations, and cranial nerve palsies. Treatment - chemotherapy. Care is in 3 stages: Induction, Consolidation (intensification), & maintenance. |
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Term
| Anatomy of pediatric airway vs adult |
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Definition
Pediatric
Tongue - Large
Trachea - smaller, shorter
Larnyx - funnel shaped
Lung volume - 250ml @ birth
Adult
Tongue - normal
Trachea - wider, longer
Larynx - column
Lung volume - 6000ml as adult |
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Term
| Cystic Fibrosis - definition, treatment, S/S |
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Definition
| Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder. Treatment - chest physiotherapy, Medications - (Pulmozyme to reduce secretion viscosity, bronchodilators, aerosolized antibiotics, pancreatic enzymes & fat soluble vitamins), High calorie, high protein diets, and sometimes lung transplantation. |
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Term
| Tonsillectomy - post op care |
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Definition
| Pain management with analgesics and perhaps an ice collar. Pain reduction will encourage the patient to drink fluids |
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Term
| Intussusception - definition |
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Definition
| A proximal segment of bowel telescopes into a more distal segment, causing edema, vascular compromise, and partial or total bowel obstruction |
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Term
| Pyloric stenosis - definition, S/S, post-op nursing care |
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Definition
| The circular muscle of the pylorus becomes hypertrophied, causing thickness in the luminal side of the pyloric canal. S/S - nonbilious vomiting (often projectile). Requires surgical intervention. Pre-op (fluid mgmt and correcting electrolyte imbalances). Post-op is maintaining the above and resuming oral feedings in 24 to 48hrs |
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Term
| Acyanotic/Cyanotic congenital heart defects |
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Definition
Acyanotic - Patent Ductus Arteriosus (L to Right Shunt). S/S - Epistaxis, headaches, dizziness & fainting.
Cyanotic - Tetralogy of Fallot (R to L Shunt). S/S - squatting, cyanosis, clubbing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inguinal and Umbilical hernias |
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Term
| Acute glomerulonephritis - S/S, lab values |
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Definition
| S/S - elevated BP, edema, dyspnea, coughing. lab values - blood and/or protein in urine, BUN & creatine may be elevated as well as the ESR. |
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Term
| Wilm's tumor - definition |
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Definition
| The most common renal tumor. Usually only effects one kidney. Usually large at diagnosis. Surgical removal of the tumor and the kidney is the treatment of choice |
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Term
| Epispadias - definition, nursing care, S/S |
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Definition
| A urethral defect in which the opening is on the dorsal surface of the penis. Routine Post-op care and parent education. |
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Term
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Definition
| A urethral defect in which the opening is on the ventral surface of the penis. |
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Term
| Cryptorchidism - definition |
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Definition
| When one or both testicles do not discend into the scrotal sac. |
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Term
| Nephrotic syndrome - S/S, lab values |
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Definition
| S/S - edema, Hyperlipidemia. Lab values will reveal a large amount of protein in the urine and low concentrations of protein and albumin in the bloodstream. Hyperlipidemia will also be manifested. |
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Term
| Epiglottitis - definition, nursing care |
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Definition
| Inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis. Rare since the development of the Hib vaccine introduced in the 80's. Nursing care - don't leave the child unattended. Don't allow the child to lie in a supine position as airway occlusion could result. Keep the family calm |
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Term
| Acute appendicitis - S/S, complications |
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Definition
| S/S - mucosal edema, N/V, pain @ McBurney's point, small volume, frequent soft stools, & low grade fever. Complications - perforation, peritonitis. |
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Term
| Hirshsprung's disease (Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon) |
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Definition
| Most common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction. Constipation results and is caused by a lack of ganglion cells in the bowel which effects motility. Abdomen is typical distended and upon palpation, stool may be felt. There also is usually an absence of stool in the rectum. Surgical resection and reanastomosis are necessary to promote normal bowel function. |
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Term
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Definition
| This provides an average of blood sugar control typically or a 90 - 120 day period. |
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Term
| Prednisone - why administered, side effects |
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Definition
| Prednisone is a corticosteroid and is used to reduce inflammation and suppress immune response. |
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Term
| Kidney Disease - S/S, definition, lab value |
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Definition
| Definition - Kidney disease is when your kidneys are compromised or fail entirely to filter waste from your body. S/S - decreased urine production, edema, lethargy, weight loss, and headaches. Lab test - creatinine, BUN, GFR are at higher levels |
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Term
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Definition
| A ventroperitoneal shunt reroutes CSF from the ventricles back to the peritoneum where it can be reabsorbed |
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Term
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Definition
| Defined as absence of breathing for longer than 20 seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| Is when the legs are held in traction vertically and perpendicular the the torso. knees slightly bent and buttocks held slightly elevated above bed |
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Term
| Skin traction - what type/name given |
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Definition
| for is applied to the skin via strips or tapes secured with Ace bandages or traction boots. The force of traction is limited to skin tolerance. |
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Term
| Skeletal traction - what is it, nursing care |
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Definition
| Forced is applied to the body part directly or by fixation into or through the bone. Nursing care - Maintain even, constant traction, ensure weights hang free at all times, keep weight out of child reach, perform neurovascular checks at least every 4 hours, assess for skin impairment, protect cast from moisture, educate family |
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