Term
| Another name for swallowing |
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Definition
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Term
| What closes off the nasal cavity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease |
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Term
| 4 functions of the stomache |
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Definition
1. churns
2. storage
3. secretes gastric juice
4. secretes gastrin |
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Term
| What are the longitudinal fold in the stomach called |
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Definition
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Term
| Size of stomach...empty and full |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the bolus called after it leave the stomach |
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Definition
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Term
| name of the sphincter b/t the stomach and small intestines |
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Definition
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Term
| name the 4 main layers in the GI tract |
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Definition
Mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa |
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Term
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Definition
1. voluntary stage
2. pharyngeal-osophageal stage |
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Term
| what is the cause of GERD |
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Definition
| lower esophageal sphincter fails to close |
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Term
| where does digestion of each of the following BEGIN: proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| where does digestion of each of the following BEGIN: carbohydrates |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| chyme is the semifliud mass of partly digested food that is passed from the stomach to the duodenumom |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a protease responsable for initial protein digestion |
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Term
| What does this cell produce: gastric gland |
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Definition
| mucus - alkaline to balance stomach juices |
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Term
| What does this cell produce: Chief cells |
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Definition
| pepsinogen - precursor to pepsin |
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Term
| What does this cell produce: parietal cells |
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Definition
| secrete HCI - converts pepsinogen into pepsin; kills bacteria; denaturing of proteins (unravelling) |
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Term
| What does this cell produce: enteroendocrine |
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Definition
| Secretes hormone, gastrin - stimulates parietal and chief cells |
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Term
| 3 facts about the mucosa of the stomach - how does it prevent digestion of the stomach by HCI and papsin? |
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Definition
1. alkaline mucus
2. tight junctions between mucosal cells prevents leakage
#. mucosal epithelium replaced every 5-7 days |
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Term
| what condition can the bacterium Helicobacter pylori lead to? |
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Definition
| peptic ulcers - acid-resistant bacteria penetrates mucosal barrier |
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Term
| Only a few things are absorbed in the stomach, mention 2 |
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Definition
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Term
| where are brush border enzymes found? |
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Definition
| small intestines epithelial cells |
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Term
| what is a main function of bile (bile salts)? |
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Definition
| machanicaly prepares lipids for digestion - keeps them appart. ie: does not break them dowm, just keeps them seperated, by ataching to the lipids |
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Term
| in what portion of the tract do “mass movements” occur? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| makes the internal anal sphincter relax, and lets YOU know that you need to relax the outer one, as well |
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Term
| where does 90% of absorption occur? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| capillary bed in the GI tract that connects to the liver |
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Term
| name the accessory organs |
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Definition
Teeth
tongue
salivery glands
liver
pancreas
gall bladder |
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Term
| 6 functions of the digestive system |
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Definition
1. ingestion
2. secrestion
3.mixing and propultion
digestion
absorption
defecation |
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Term
| How many liters of fluid do we ingest each day? how many are secreted into th lumen each day? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 2 enteric plexus' of the digestive system |
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Definition
| Submucosal plexus & myenteic plexus |
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Term
| Peristalis is mediated by 3 systems: |
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Definition
hormones
enteic NS
auonomic NS |
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Term
| 3 enzymes that the pancreas secretes into the small intestines |
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Definition
pancreatic amylase - digests saccharides
pancreatic lipase
nuclease |
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Term
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Definition
cholesterol
phospholipids
triglycerides
electrolyte
bile pigments
bile salts |
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Term
| What is the term used to explain what bile salts do? |
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Definition
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Term
| is there any enzyme secretion in the L. Intestines" |
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Definition
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Term
| Some nutrient are stored in our body, others are circulating: which 3 are stored? |
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Definition
Protein (skeletal muscle)
Glycogen (s. muscle and liver
Triglycerides (adipose) |
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Term
| Some nutrient are stored in our body, others are circulating: which 3 are circulating? |
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Definition
amino acid pool
glucose poll
fatty acid pool |
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Term
| What is happenning in out body during the stage while we are eating? |
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Definition
| Our body is absorbing nutrients. Anabolic period, our body is using nutrients and sending them to different parts of our body to be used |
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Term
| What is happening in out body during the "fast", post absorpative state? |
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Definition
| GI tract is empty, now our body is going to work, energy is obtained by breaking down nutrients -- the catabolic stage! |
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