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| 1. What is another term for the digestive tract/gastrointestinal tract? |
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Definition
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| 2. The alimentary canal extends from the mouth to ______? |
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Definition
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| 3. What structures are part of the alimentary canal? |
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Definition
| mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine |
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| 4. What are the accessory digestive organs? |
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Definition
| teeth, tongue, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, and salivary glands |
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| 5. What is the serous membrane that lines the internal surface of the walls of the abdominal cavity? |
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Definition
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| 6. what is the serous membrane that covers the external surface of organs in the abdonminal cavity? |
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Definition
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| 7. What is the space between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum? |
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Definition
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| 8. Is there fluid found in the peritoneal cavity? |
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Definition
| yes, small amount of peritoneal fluid |
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| 9. What is a fused double layer of peritoneum that extends from the body wall to a digestive organ? |
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Definition
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| 10. What holds most of the abdominal organs in place? |
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Definition
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| 11. Organs found behind the parietal peritoneum are called _________. |
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Definition
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| 12. Are retroperitoneal organs suspended by a mesentery? |
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Definition
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| 13. What condition is an inflammation of the peritoneum? |
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Definition
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| 14. What can cause peritonitis? |
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Definition
| Chemical irritation (bile escaped from damaged digestive tract) or infection that started in the digestive tract (ruptured appendix) |
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Term
| 15. What two muscles are major components of the lips and cheeks? |
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Definition
| Orbicularis oris (lips) and buccinator (cheeks) |
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Term
| 16. What two processes are the lips and cheeks involved with? |
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Definition
| Mastication (chewing) and speech (well, facial expression also) |
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Term
| 17. What part of the oral cavity forms the “roof” of the mouth? |
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Definition
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| 18. What is the function of the hard palate? |
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Definition
| The tongue pushes food against it during chewing (also involved with speech) |
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Term
| 19. Where is the soft palate located? |
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Definition
| In oral cavity posterior to the hard palate |
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Term
| 20. What is the soft palate composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| 21. What is the function of the soft palate? |
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Definition
| Closes off nasopharynx when you swallow |
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Term
| 22. What 3 processes does the tongue aide in? |
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Definition
| Chewing, swallowing, and speech |
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Term
| 23. What are the 3 types of papillae located on the tongue? |
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Definition
| Filiform, fungiform, and vallate |
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| 24. Which type of papillae is the most numerous, giving the tongue a rough appearance, but DOES NOT contain taste buds? |
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Definition
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| 25. Which type of papillae are scattered throughout the tongue, appear as red dots, and DOES contain taste buds? |
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Definition
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| 26. Which type of papillae are the largest papillae, form a v-shaped row at the back of the tongue, and DOES contain taste buds? |
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Definition
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Term
| 27. How many teeth are in the deciduous (primary) set of teeth? |
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Definition
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| 28. How many teeth are in the permanent (secondary) set of teeth? |
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Definition
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Term
| 29. What is the innermost layer of the tooth? |
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Definition
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Term
| 30. What is contained in the pulp cavity? |
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Definition
| Blood vessels, nerves, and pulp |
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Term
| 31. What is the pulp cavity within the root called? |
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Definition
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Term
| 32. What is the next layer superficial to the pulp cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Living, cellular, calcified tissue |
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Term
| 34. What surrounds the layer of dentin in the root? |
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Definition
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Term
| 35. What is the function of cementum? |
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Definition
| Helps anchor tooth in jaw |
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Term
| 36. What surrounds the layer of dentin in the crown? |
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Definition
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| 37. What is the function of enamel? |
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Definition
| Protects tooth from abrasion and acids |
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Term
| 38. What is the name for the hole at the point of each root where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the tooth? |
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Definition
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| 39. What is the name for the sockets along the mandible and maxilla where teeth are set into? |
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Definition
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Term
| 40. What type of tissue is the gingiva (gums)? |
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Definition
| Stratified squamous epithelium (same as oral cavity) |
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Term
| 41. What structure secures the teeth in the alveoli? |
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Definition
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Term
| 42. Food from the oral cavity passes through the _______ into the oropharynx. |
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Definition
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| 43. Food from the oropharynx will then pass into what? |
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Definition
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| 44. Food from the laryngopharynx will then pass into _______ , which carries food to the stomach. |
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Definition
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Term
| 45. Does digestion START in the esophagus? |
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Definition
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Term
| 46. Name the 4 main layers of the digestive tube (esophagus-anus) starting from the inside of the tube to the outermost layer. |
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Definition
| 1. mucosa 2. submucosa 3. muscularis 4. serosa/adventitia |
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Term
| 47. In the digestive tube, what are the 3 layers within the mucosa? |
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Definition
| Inner epithelium, middle lamina propria (loose connective tissue), and outer muscularis mucosa (smooth muscle) |
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Term
| 48. Are there glands located within the mucosa? |
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Definition
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Term
| 49. In the digestive tube, what type of tissue is the submucosa? |
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Definition
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| 50. What would you find within the submucosa of the digestive tube? |
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Definition
| blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and glands |
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Term
| 51. In the digestive tube, how many layers of muscle are there in the muscularis layer? |
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Definition
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| 52. What type of muscle and which direction is the muscle going in the innermost layer of the muscularis? |
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Definition
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| 53. What type of muscle and which direction is the muscle going in the outer layer of the muscularis? |
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Definition
| smooth muscle / longitudinal |
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Term
| 54. How is the muscle in the muscularis layer of the esophagus different? |
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Definition
| it is not smooth, it is striated (some skeletal) |
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Term
| 55. How is the muscularis layer of the stomach different? |
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Definition
| it has an extra layer under the circular layer that is oblique smooth muscle |
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Term
| 56. The outermost layer of the digestive tube is the serosa/adventitia - what else is this layer known as? |
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Definition
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| 57. What type of tissue is the serosa/adventitia? |
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Definition
| connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) - remember, it is a serous membrane |
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Term
| 58. What type of tissue is the parietal and visceral peritoneum? |
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Definition
| connective tissue + simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) |
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Term
| 59. What type of tissue lines the oral cavity? |
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Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| 60. What type of tissue lines the oropharynx and laryngopharynx? |
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Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| 61. What type of tissue lines the inside mucosa of the esophagus? |
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Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| 62. What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium? |
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Definition
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