abdomin/o

• abdomen
• abdominal  
  Example: Abdominoplasty - Surgical repair or reconstruction of the abdomen; "tummy tuck"

an/o

 anus

Example: Anoplasty - Surgical repair of the anus

antr/o

antrum

Example: Antrectomy - Surgical repair of the antrum, a part of the stomach

append/o

appendix

Example: Appendectomy - Surgical removal of the appendix. 

appendic/o

cec/o

 Cecum

Example: Cecopexy - Surgical fixation of the cecum, often performed to correct volvulus

celi/o

• abdomen
• abdominal cavity
  Example: Celiotomy - Surgical incision into the abdominal cavity. 

cheil/o

 lip

Example: Cheilitis - Inflammation of the lips, often caused by irritation, infection, or nutritional deficiencies. 

chol/e

•  gall
• bile
  Example: Cholecystitis - Inflammation of the gallbladder often caused by gallstones. 

choledoch/o

common bile duct

Example: Choledocholithiasis - Presence of stones in the common bile duct. 

col/o

colon/o

enter/o

intestine

Example: Enteritis - Inflammation of the intestines, caused by infection or irritants. 

esophag/o

 esophagus

Example: Esophagitis - Inflammation of the esophagus caused by acid reflux or infections. 

gastr/o

stomach

Example: Gastrectomy - Surgical removal of part or all of the stomach, usually to treat ulcers, cancer, or severe obesity. 

gingiv/o

gum

Example: Gingivitis - Inflammation of the gums

gloss/o

 tongue

Example: Glossitis - Inflammation of the tongue

hepat/o

• hernia
• protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall
  Example: Hepatomegaly - Enlargement of the liver, often caused by infections, fatty liver disease, or cancer. 

herni/o

• hernia
• protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall
  Example: Herniorrhaphy - Surgical repair of a hernia to reposition the protruding organ & strengthen the surrounding tissue.  

lapar/o

•  abdomen
• abdominal cavity
  Example: Laparoscopy - Minimally invasive surgical procedure used to view & treat abdominal or pelvic conditions. 

lingu/o

 tongue

Example: Sublingual - Situated under the tongue, often referring to the administration of medications for fast absorption. 

or/o

mouth

Example: Oral - Pertaining to the mouth, such as in oral hygiene practices. 

palat/o

 palate

Example: Palatoplasty - Surgical repair of the palate, often to correct cleft palate deformities. 

pancreat/o

 pancreas

Example: Pancreatitis - Inflammation of the pancreas. 

peritone/o

 peritoneum

Example: Peritonitis - Inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane lining of the abdominal cavity. 

polyp/o

•  polyp
• small growth
  Ex: Polypectomy - Surgical removal of a polyp, often performed during a colonoscopy to prevent cancer development. 

proct/o

pylor/o

•  pylorus
• pyloric sphincter
  Ex: Pyloroplasty - Surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter to improve food passage from the stomach to the small intestine. 

rect/o

rectum

Ex : Rectocele - A bulging of the rectum into the vaginal wall often caused by weakening of pelvic floor muscles. 

sial/o

• saliva
• salivary gland 
  Ex: Sialadenitis - Inflammation of a salivary gland, often caused by bacterial infections or blockages. 

steat/o

fat

Ex: Steatorrhea - Excess fat in stool, often a sign of malabsorption disorders like celiac disease or chronic pancreatitis. 

stomat/o

mouth

Ex: Stomatitis - Inflammation of the mouth resulting from infections, irritants, or systemic diseases. 

uvul/o

uvula

Ex: Uvulectomy - Surgical removal of the uvula, often performed to treat snoring or sleep apnea. 

xer/o

 dryness

Ex: Xerostomia - Dryness of the mouth caused by reduced saliva production.