Term
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Definition
Lies posterior to stomach
* encircles duodenum toward spleen
Is bound to posterior wall of abdominal cavity
\ |
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Term
Histological Organization
each Lobule of the pancreas
is seperated by:
contains (2):
ducts branch repeatedly & end in |
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Definition
1.septa
2• blood vessels & tributaries of pancreatic ducts
3.blind pockets (pancreatic acini) |
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Term
| Regions of the Pancreas (4) |
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Definition
1.Uncinate Process
2.Head
3Body
4•Tail |
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Term
| Uncinate Process of pancreas: lies deep to |
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Definition
| superior mesenteric vessels |
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Term
Head of pancreas located
branches from |
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Definition
loop pf duodenum
superior mesenteric |
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Term
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Definition
| btwn head of pancreas & duodenum to supply the head |
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Term
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Definition
| lies behind the stomach; extends toward spleen |
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Term
| body of pancreas is Supplied by |
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Definition
| branches of the splenic artery |
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Term
tail of pancreas located
supplied by |
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Definition
1.left end of the pancreas
2.branches of the splenic artery |
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Term
The exocrine portion of the pancreas are the ______
(name & give aka) |
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Definition
| blind pockets called (pancreatic acini) |
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Term
| pancreatic acini are lined with & contain what endocrine structure of the pancreas |
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Definition
1. simple cuboidal epithelium
2.scattered pancreatic islets |
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Term
| what % of pancreatic cells are the islets |
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Definition
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Term
| Endocrine cells of the pancreatic islets secrete |
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Definition
| hormones such as insulin & glucagon into bloodstream |
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Term
| blind pockets (pancreatic acini) are composed of (2) |
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Definition
acinar cells & epithelial cells
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Term
| Acinar cells and epithelial cells of duct system secrete |
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Definition
|
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Term
| how much gastric juice is secreted per day? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Enzymes that breakdown carbs, lipids, and proteins |
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Term
| production of pancreatic juice is controlled by |
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Definition
hormones from duodenum
(cck, secretin etc) |
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Term
| the largest visceral organ is the |
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Definition
|
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Term
Anatomy of the Liver
Wrapped in:
Covered by:
Divided into ________ lobes |
|
Definition
Anatomy of the Liver
1. tough fibrous capsule
2. visceral peritoneum
3.4 |
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Term
| 3 important veins located in the liver are |
|
Definition
1inferior vena cava
branches to form (2.left hepatic vein)
3.hepatic portal vein |
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Term
| The basic functional units of the liver is |
|
Definition
liver lobules (100,000 total
1 mm diameter each
Hexagonal shape) |
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Term
| 1/3 of liver's blood supply is from |
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Definition
| Arterial blood from hepatic artery proper |
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Term
| 2/3 of liver's blood supply is from |
|
Definition
venous blood from hepatic portal vein, originating at:
•Esophagus
•Stomach
• pt of Small intestine
•Most of large intestine |
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Term
| at each of the 6 corners of liver lobules what can be found |
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Definition
| (hepatic / portal triads) |
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Term
| components of hepatic triad (3) |
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Definition
1.Branch of hepatic portal vein
2.Branch of hepatic artery proper
3.3.Small branch of bile duct |
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Term
Branch of hepatic portal vein
comes from:
contains what kind of blood |
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Definition
1. capillary beds in the gut
2. Deoxygenated and nutrient rich blood |
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Term
| Branch of hepatic artery proper carries what kind of blood? |
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Definition
Carries oxygenated blood&
deoxygeinated blood from sinusoids |
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Term
| Small branch of bile duct fcn |
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Definition
| Where bile leaves the liver |
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Term
|
Definition
recieves blood from sinusoids
and eventually merges to form the hepatic veins which drain to inf vena cava |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| name the endothelial cells of the sinusoids that act as phagocytes |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| stellate reticuloendothethial cells |
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Term
|
Definition
storage of iron,
lipids,
heavy metals |
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Term
| In a liver lobule form a series of irregular plates arranged like wheel spokes converging on the central vein |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Adjust circulating levels of nutrients
by selective absorption & secretion |
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Term
| As blood flows through sinusoids , the hepatocytes ______________ |
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Definition
| absorb solutes from plasma and secrete materials such as plasma proteins |
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Term
| Phagocytic __________ cells destroy old RBCs, bacteria, and present antigens |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
mix of waste products
and bile salts |
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Term
| Describe how liver secretes bile fluid to intestine (1) |
|
Definition
1.Liver secretes bile fluid Into channels called bile canaliculi.
(located Between opposing membranes of adjacent liver cells )
2.Eventually secreted into the intestine |
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Term
|
Definition
| act like detergent-like molecules to break up fats. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Accumulation of Bilirubin (from breakdown of Hb) secreted in bile |
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Term
| Right and Left Hepatic Ducts fcn (1) |
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Definition
| Collect bile from all bile ducts of liver lobes |
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Term
| Right and Left Hepatic Ducts unite form |
|
Definition
| common hepatic duct that leaves the liver |
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Term
Bile Flow:From common hepatic duct to either ____which empties to the ______
or
_______duct which leads to the _______
or |
|
Definition
common bile duct
which empties to duodenal ampulla of Vater
or
cystic duct which leads to gallbladder |
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|
Term
| which duct also receives secretions from the pancreatic duct , where does this secretion go? |
|
Definition
common bile duct
goes to duodenal ampulla of Vater |
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Term
| the common bile duct is formed by the union of |
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Definition
•Cystic duct
•Common hepatic duct |
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|
Term
the common bile duct
passes through the _______ of the stomach
pentrates the wall of the ______
meets the ______duct at the duodenal ampulla |
|
Definition
1. lesser omentum toward stomach
2. duodenum
3.pancreatic duct |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Metabolic regulation
2. monitor blood
3. Bile production |
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Term
| Metabolic Activities of the Liver include(4) |
|
Definition
1.Carbohydrate &Lipid &Amino acid metablosim
2.Remove wastes
3.Storage of:
•Vitamin &Minerals
4.Drug inactivation |
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Term
| All blood leaving absorptive surfaces of digestive tract enters the |
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Definition
| Enters hepatic portal system which Flows into the liver |
|
|
Term
| when blood Enters the hepatic portal system how is blood processed?(3) |
|
Definition
1.Liver cells extract nutrients or toxins from blood
(Before they reach systemic circulation through hepatic veins)
2•Liver stores excess nutrients 3•Corrects nutrient deficiencies by mobilizing stored reserves or performing synthetic activities |
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Term
| Largest blood reservoir in the body is the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the liver recieves what % of cardiac output |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| how does the liver monitor the blood (5) |
|
Definition
1.Phagocytosis & antigen presentation
2. makes plasma proteins&.bile
3Removal: circulating hormones & antibodies
5.storage of toxins |
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Term
| why are bile salt needed to break down fats (think polarity )(2) |
|
Definition
1.Dietary lipids are not water soluble
2.Pancreatic lipase is not lipid soluble
it can only Interactonly at surface of lipid droplet |
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Term
| therefore the bile salts fcn is to |
|
Definition
break droplets apart (emulsification)
in order to increases surface area exposed to enzymatic attack
•
Creates tiny emulsion droplets coated with bile salts |
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|
Term
| a hollow, pear-shaped, muscular sac is the |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Stores and concentrates bile prior to excretion into small intestine |
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Term
| regions of gallbladder (3) |
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Definition
|
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Term
| name the duct that Extends from gallbladder |
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Definition
|
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Term
| again how is common bile duct forms |
|
Definition
| cystic duct & common hepatic duct |
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Term
| the Releases of bile into duodenum by the gallbladder is only done under stimulation by |
|
Definition
| intestinal hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) |
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|
Term
describe how bile leaves the liver & goes into the gallbladder
what hormone is released
what ducts are open/closed |
|
Definition
1.CCK is released
2. Closed: Hepatopancreatic sphincter
(Bile exiting liver in common hepatic duct CANNOT flow through common bile duct into duodenum)
3.Bile enters cystic duct and is stored in gallbladder |
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Term
| •Physiology of the Gallbladder |
|
Definition
Full gallbladder contains 40–70 mL bile
•Bile composition gradually changes in gallbladder
•Water is absorbed
•Bile salts and solutes become concentrated |
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|
Term
| damage to the myenteric plexus would result in(1) |
|
Definition
| decreased stomach motility |
|
|
Term
| would damage to the myenteric plexus rssult in decreased glandular secretions? |
|
Definition
| no, myenteric plexus is located btwn oblique & longitudinal muslces and only does physical stuff. |
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