Term
| What body parts constitute the digestive system? |
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Definition
| oral cavity, oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine(duodeum, ilium, jejunum), colon, rectum, and all of the glands |
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Term
| What is the digestive tube called and what describe its layers |
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Definition
Alimentary canal-4 layers
inner layer = mucosa: epithelium, lamina propria, muscle layer
submucosa: connective tissue
muscle layer(muscularis): provides peristalis function
outside layer= fibrosa: connective tissue |
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Term
| what epithelium lines the esophagus(lumen) and why |
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Definition
stratified squamous epithlelium
provides resisitance to the friction of food passing through during swallowing |
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Term
| What muscles make up the esophagus if it is viewed as being cut into thirds |
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Definition
upper 1/3= skeletal muscle
middle 1/3= skeletal muscle
bottom 1/3= smooth muscle |
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Term
| what lines the stomach and why |
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Definition
simple columnar epithlelium
scretes muscus constantly to protect the lining of the stomach form stomach acid |
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Term
| What do the glands in the lamina properia of the stomach secrete |
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Definition
mucus in the upper and lower part
proteases (pepsin and renin)
hydrochloric acid in the middle region |
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Term
| describe the small intestine make up |
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Definition
lined with simple columnar epithelium
cells have microvilli for more surface area for absorption
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Term
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Definition
moves toward the colon and back toward the stomach to stir the contents of the intestine ...
esposig all contents to enzymes |
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Term
| what happens in/at the duodeum |
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Definition
| the place where the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct enter the small intestine |
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Term
| what are among the major salivary glands and what do they secrete |
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Definition
partoid gland: only enzymes
sub-mandibular: both enzymes and mucus
sublingual: only mucus |
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Term
| What enzymes can be found and activatd i nthe duodeum |
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Definition
| eterokinase will active trypsin which will then activate other enzymes |
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Term
| what is one function of the liver |
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Definition
secrete plasma proteins directly into the blood, use small canala that lie between cells to transport bile out to the triad
glucogenesis-mantain blood sugar |
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Term
| what constitutes the plasma secreted from the liver |
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Definition
albumin (osmotic pressure)
clotting enzymes
fibrinogen
apoproteins |
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Term
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Definition
made in lining of duodeum
respoding to chyme and other digestive enzymes
causes release of bile and enzymes |
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Term
| what is/causes constipation |
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Definition
intestinal contents are absorbed including water when too little nonabosorbable substance are present
too dehydrated |
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Term
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Definition
too much water in feces
resulting from contents moving too rapidly thru intestine
or too much nonabsorbable contents in lumen |
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Term
| large volume vs small volume diarrhea |
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Definition
small volume: urge to empty bowel often een tho there is little feces present
large volume: the act of real diarrhea |
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Term
anerexia
anerexia nervosa
bulimia |
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Definition
anorexia- loss of apetite
anorexia nervosa- distorted body image
bulimia- fear of calories (normal appetite) may over eat or binge then vomit |
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Term
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Definition
dysphagia- difficulty swallowing
achalasia- loss of neurological control of swalloing process |
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Term
| basic knowledge of what causes GERD |
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Definition
after swallowing, bolus must go through an open lower esophogeal sphincter to the stomach. After it passes the sphincter is supposed to close
when it does not close properly, this causes reflux |
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Term
| what does a hiatal hernia do |
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Definition
| causes incomplete closure of the diaphragm around the lower esophagus, allowing the abdominal part to become herniated into the theracic cavity |
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Term
| different types of ulcers |
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Definition
skin=pressure sores
in digestive tract=peptic ulcer
duodenal uler are more common then gastric ulcers
true/deep ulcers can be life threatening
superficial ulcers: only affect submucosa
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Term
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Definition
causes small volume diarrhea
sever intestinal inflammation and pain
autoimmune |
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Term
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Definition
A=not chronic, little permanent liver damage
B=sever liver damage can be fatal
C=chronic infection and sometime cancer
D=only replicated when host cell is infected |
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Term
| what causes billirubin and what does it do |
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Definition
liver failure causes billirubin
after it builds up it will cause yellowing in eyes and skin
bile salts |
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