Term
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Definition
| Alimentary canal or GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestine, anus |
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Term
| pathway through GI tract: |
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Definition
| oral cavity, esophagus,stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum,anus,anal canal |
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Term
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Definition
| duodenum-jejunum-illium (illiocecal valve) (DJI) |
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Term
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Definition
| cecum-ascending colon-transverse colon-descending colon- sigmoid colon) |
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Term
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Definition
| teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, pancreas |
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Term
| purpose of digestive system: |
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Definition
| Acquire nutrients and water!! |
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Term
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Definition
| ingestion, propulsion(swallowing and peristalsis), mechanical digestion(mouth,stomach,small intestine), chemical digestion(mouth,stomach,small intestine), absorbtion, defacation |
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Term
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Definition
| alcohol(80%) and nutrients (glucose, amino acids, fats) vitamins, electrolytes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| water and some electrolytes |
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Term
| Peristalsis vs. segmentation |
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Definition
| peristalsis= bolus moving down(propel!)! Segmentation(in small intestine)= churns and breaks up bolus to move down in segments(mixes) |
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Term
| absorbed nutrients passed into: |
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Definition
| veins! and then into the liver! |
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Term
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Definition
| fats! THey're absorbed through lacteal ducts and circulate through the body before going to liver |
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Term
| Histological organization of the Digestive System |
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Definition
| aka. the layers of cell tissues! |
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Term
| 1. Mucosa layer (innermost layer) |
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Definition
| true epithelium+ lamina propria+ muscularis mucosae |
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Term
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Definition
| has arteries, veins, nerves, lymph, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth muscle that changes shape of lumen. inner=circular smooth muscle, outer= longitudinal smooth muscle |
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Term
| 4. Serosa(mesothelium)or adventititia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| internal organs! controls digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| signals submucosal glands to secrete and musclaris mucosa to contract |
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Term
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Definition
| "muscles"= located between circular& longitudinal layers of muscularis externa, controls peristalsis and segmentation! |
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Term
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Definition
protective/secretory/absorptive/absorbative protective
KNOW TYPE OF TISSUE AND WHERE IT'S LOCATED! |
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Term
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Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium (oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, anal cavity) |
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Term
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Definition
| simple columnar epithelium (secrets MUCUS!!! in stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple columnar cells (absorbs nutrients in small intestine. has villi thats separated by Crypts!) |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple columnar cells (absorbs water/electrolytes and then switches to stratified squamous(protective) |
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Term
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Definition
| simple columnar for absorbtion, stratisfied squamous for protection |
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Term
| DIVISIONS OF ALIMENTARY CANAL |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1) vestibule and oral cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| space between lips and alveolar ridge (gums) |
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Term
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Definition
| line between tooth and gum(if teeth were taken out) |
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Term
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Definition
labial frenulum= lip to gum
lingual frenulum=tongue to floor of oral cavity |
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Term
| roof of oral cavity formed by: |
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Definition
| hard and soft pallate- hard pallate= maxillary and palatine bones |
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Term
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Definition
| under tongue(submandibular and sublingual duct), and along cheeks(parotid papilla) by ear! |
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Term
| Lips/cheeks formed by what muscles? |
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Definition
| orbicularis oris/ buccinator |
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Term
| Soft palate has 2 lateral arches: |
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Definition
palatoglassal arch(palate to tongue) in front
Palatopharyngeal arch(palate to pharynx) behind! and palatine tonsils are in between those 2 arches |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| papillae (not taste buds) |
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Term
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Definition
| "filament shape"- most numerous- pointed cones, no taste buds |
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Term
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Definition
| "fungus shape"- shaped like mushrooms, taste buds are under them |
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Term
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Definition
| "around-wall"- circular wall shape, has taste buds within it. |
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Term
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Definition
| folds on the side of a tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| terminal groove- separates circumvallate papilla and lingual tonsil |
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Term
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Definition
| opening between oral cavity and oropharynx. behind tongue! |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) palatoglossal arch 2) uvula 3) sulcus terminalis 4ish) palotophyrengeal |
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Term
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Definition
| ring of protective tonsils in the oropharynx= palatine+ lingual tonsils. |
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Term
| More on 3 salivary glands! |
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Definition
parotid/sublingual/submandibular
(what type of cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| seRous cells- amylase and lysozyme |
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Term
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Definition
| MucoUs cells- for lubrication |
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Term
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Definition
| Serous and Mucous cells (both!) |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 incisors"incision-cut"/ 1 canine "dog" for tearing/ 2 premolars "before-molar"/ 3 molars "to grind" |
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Term
| Innervations (symph and parasymph)to digestion |
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Definition
| symph= greater/lesser/least splencnik! parasymph= vagus |
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Term
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Definition
| muscularis externa muscle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is collapsed except when food goes through it |
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Term
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Definition
| protective stratifies squamous epithlium |
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Term
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Definition
| has mucus glands!! lubricates bolus of food |
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Term
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Definition
| is adventitia, not serosa |
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Term
| where does the esophagus pass through diaphragm? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| muscle fibers of diaphragm that serve as sphinctor |
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Term
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Definition
| site of chemical and mechanical digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| Cardiac (attaches to esophagus), Fundus (part that goes above the entrance), Body, Pyloris (pyloric sphincter to prevent food from leaving stomach) "gate watcher" |
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Term
| Greater/ Lesser curvature |
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Definition
| known as greater/lesser omentum (outer and inner borders) |
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Term
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Definition
| folds formed when stomach decreases in size |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lined by modified simple columnar cells "mucus secreting cells"! NO goblet cells here! |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete mucus and line the neck of the gastric pits |
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Term
| why mucus in the stomach? |
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Definition
| protects it from digesting itself |
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Term
| In fundus and body of the stomach, gastric pits have: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| secrete HCl(acid hydrolizes food) and intrinsic factors(to absorb vit. b) |
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Term
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Definition
| secretes pepsinogen(protease) to breakdown proteins |
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Term
| Enteroendocrine cells(G-cells) |
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Definition
| internal organs+hormone secreting! secretes gastrin |
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Term
| Gastrin is produced when: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| parietal cells to secrete HCl. |
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Term
| Muscularis externa of stomach |
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Definition
| has 3 layers of smooth muscle (1 extra layer to help churn food) innermost=oblique, middle=circular, outer=longitudinal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Exocrine= chemicals through a duct to a surface! Endocrine= hormones through circ system to other cells |
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Term
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Definition
| site for absorbtion of nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| duodenum "intestine 12 digits wide", jejunum, ilium |
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Term
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Definition
| right after pyloric sphinctor |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| HISTOLOGY OF SMALL INTESTINE |
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Definition
| specialized for absorbing nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| modified simple columnar cells |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized ducts of lymph system to carry fat |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| secrete lysozymes to break up bacteria- located at base of crypts |
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Term
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Definition
| aggregated lymphoid nodules (white patches) |
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Term
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Definition
| "circular folds" that increases surface area for absorption along with villi(on mucosa) and microvilli(on apical surface of cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| located in small intestine between adjacent villi |
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Term
| muscularis externa has 2 layers |
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Definition
| inner circular and outer longitudinal |
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Term
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Definition
| specialization in duodenum= mucus secreting cells in submucosa |
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Term
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Definition
| food entering duodenum stimulates secretion of cholecystokinin and secretin |
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Term
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Definition
| goes to gallbladder! signals gallbladder to CONTRACT and release bile into duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| goes to pancreas! stimulates pancreas to secrete digestive juices and bicarbonate into duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| site for absorption of water and elecrolytes |
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Term
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Definition
| cecum, ascending/transverse/descending/sigmoid colon, rectum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hepatic flexure- where ascending colon becomes transverse colon |
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Term
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Definition
| Splenic flexure- where transverse colon becomes desceding colon |
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Term
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Definition
| extension of the cecum (worm-like) |
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Term
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Definition
| "ribbons+colon" longitudinal smooth muscle of muscularis externa (3 bands cause the lumen to be triangle shaped) |
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Term
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Definition
| pockets formed by contraction of taenia coli |
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Term
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Definition
| fat filled pouches that hangs from the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| no! since maximum surface absorbtion isn't needed |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized for absorbing water/electrolytes, and lubricating solid feces! |
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Term
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Definition
| modified simple columnar cells for absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| a lot of them to keep things lubricated |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| abundant aggregated lymphoid nodules |
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Definition
| in submucosa, not macroscopic, so not peyers patches! |
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Term
| muscularis externa has 2 smooth muscle layers |
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Definition
| inner circular and outer longitudinal |
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Term
| longitudinal msucles are the: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| becomes the anal canal after it passes the anal valve |
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Term
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Definition
| simple columnar epithelium becomes stratified squamous (epidermis) |
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Term
| internal sphinctor vs. external sphincter |
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Definition
| internal= smooth (involuntary)/ external= skeletal(voluntary) w/ help of levator ani |
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