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Definition
| Painful, abnormal, difficult, labored Example: Dyspepsia – Difficult or painful digestion, often referred to as indigestion, characterized by symptoms like bloating, nausea, or heartburn. |
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| Within, in Example: Endogastric – A term referring to something occurring within the stomach, such as an endogastric procedure that involves accessing the interior of the stomach for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. |
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| Half Example: Hemigastrectomy – Surgical removal of half of the stomach, typically performed to treat severe ulcers or stomach cancer. |
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| Excessive or above normal Example: Hypergastrinemia – A condition involving excessive levels of gastrin (a digestive hormone) in the blood, which can lead to overproduction of stomach acid and conditions like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. |
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| Below normal or deficient Example: Hypoglycemia – A condition characterized by abnormally low blood sugar levels, often causing symptoms like dizziness, weakness, and confusion, and requiring prompt treatment with glucose. |
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| Bad or poor Example: Malabsorption – Poor absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract, which can result from conditions like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or chronic pancreatitis, leading to malnutrition. |
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| Beside, near, or abnormal Example: Paracolitis – Inflammation occurring near or adjacent to the colon, often associated with diverticulitis or infections. |
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| Around or surrounding Example: Perigastric – Pertaining to the area around the stomach, often used to describe inflammation, abscesses, or surgical observations in this region. |
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| Under, below Example: Sublingual – Situated under the tongue, often referring to medications that dissolve beneath the tongue for quick absorption. |
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| Across or through Example: Transgastric – Referring to procedures or conditions that occur through the stomach, such as a transgastric endoscopic procedure used for accessing abdominal organs. |
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| Without, lack of Example: Anuria – The absence of urine production, often indicating kidney failure or severe dehydration, requiring immediate medical evaluation and treatment. |
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| Through, complete Example: Dialysis is a medical procedure that removes waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys can no longer function properly. |
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| Many, excessive Example: Polyuria – Excessive urine output, commonly associated with conditions like diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus, often leading to dehydration if untreated. |
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| Night Example: Nocturia – Frequent urination at night, which can disrupt sleep and may result from conditions like overactive bladder, urinary tract infections, or heart failure. |
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| Few or scanty Example: Oliguria – Scanty urine output, often a sign of kidney dysfunction, dehydration, or shock, requiring urgent medical attention. |
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| Pertaining to Example: Celiac – Pertaining to the abdomen, often used in conditions like celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten damages the small intestine. |
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| Pertaining to Example: Colorectal – Pertaining to the colon and rectum, often used in the context of colorectal cancer or surgeries. |
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| Hernia, protrusion Example: Gastrocele – A hernia of the stomach, often resulting from a weakness in the diaphragm or abdominal wall. |
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| Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid Example: Paracentesis – A procedure involving the surgical puncture of the abdomen to remove excess fluid, commonly performed in cases of ascites. |
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| Pertaining to Example: Esophageal – Pertaining to the esophagus, such as in esophageal reflux, where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. |
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| Excision Example: Appendectomy – Surgical removal of the appendix, often performed in cases of appendicitis. |
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Definition
| he record, radiographic image Example: Cholangiogram – A radiographic image of the bile ducts obtained using contrast material, often performed during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to assess blockages or other abnormalities in the bile ducts. |
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| Process of recording Example: Electrogastrography – The process of recording the electrical activity of the stomach to assess its motility and function, often used to diagnose conditions like gastroparesis or dyspepsia.. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition of, diseased state, abnormal state Example: Dyspepsia – A condition of impaired digestion, often characterized by bloating, discomfort, and nausea. |
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| Condition Example: Cholelithiasis – A condition involving the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder, which can cause pain and blockages. |
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| Pertaining to Example: Hepatic – Pertaining to the liver, as in hepatic function tests, which evaluate liver health. |
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| Inflammation Example: Gastritis – Inflammation of the stomach lining, often caused by infections, medications, or alcohol use. |
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| Specialist who studies and treats Example: Gastroenterologist – A specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders of the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, and liver. |
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| Study of Example: Hepatology – The study of the liver, including diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis. |
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| Softening Example: Esophagomalacia – Softening of the esophageal walls, often caused by chronic acid reflux (GERD), prolonged inflammation, or structural weakness, which may lead to difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or esophageal collapse. |
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| Enlargement Example: Hepatomegaly – Enlargement of the liver, which can occur in conditions like fatty liver disease or hepatitis. |
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| Tumor Example: Gastrinoma – A tumor that secretes gastrin, often associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, leading to excessive stomach acid production. |
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Definition
| Abnormal condition Example: Diverticulosis – A condition where small pouches form in the colon wall, which can become inflamed (diverticulitis). |
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| Disease Example: Gastropathy – A disease of the stomach, often referring to damage caused by chronic use of NSAIDs or alcohol. |
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Definition
| Eating or swallowing Example: Dysphagia – Difficulty swallowing, which can result from conditions affecting the esophagus or nervous system. |
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| Surgical repair Example: Pyloroplasty – Surgical repair or widening of the pyloric sphincter to improve the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. |
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Definition
| Prolapse, drooping Example: Gastroptosis – Prolapse or downward displacement of the stomach, often caused by weakened abdominal muscles. |
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Definition
| Suturing, repairing Example: Herniorrhaphy – Surgical repair of a hernia, often performed to reinforce the abdominal wall. |
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Definition
| Flow, discharge Example: Diarrhea – Frequent, watery bowel movements, often caused by infections, medications, or food intolerances. |
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Definition
| Instrument used for visualization Example: Colonoscope – An instrument used to visualize the interior of the colon during a colonoscopy. |
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Definition
| Process of viewing, visualization Example: Endoscopy – The process of visualizing the digestive tract using a flexible tube with a camera. |
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Definition
| Creation of an artificial opening Example: Colostomy – A surgical procedure to create an opening from the colon to the abdominal surface for waste elimination. |
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Definition
| Incision, cut into Example: Laparotomy – A surgical incision into the abdominal cavity, often performed to diagnose or treat abdominal conditions. |
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Definition
| Pertaining to Example: Urinary – Pertaining to urine or the urinary system, such as in urinary tract infection (UTI), which affects the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. |
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Definition
| In the blood Example: Uremia – A buildup of urea and other waste products in the blood due to kidney dysfunction, often requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. |
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Definition
| Condition Example: Diuresis – A condition of increased or excessive production of urine, often induced by medications like diuretics. |
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Definition
| Stone Example: Urolith – A stone in the urinary tract, which may form in the kidneys, bladder, or ureters. |
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Definition
| Loosening, dissolution, separating Example: Hemodialysis – A procedure that separates waste products from the blood when the kidneys are unable to perform this function. |
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Definition
| Surgical fixation, suspension Example: Nephropexy – Surgical fixation of a floating or mobile kidney to its normal anatomical position. |
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Definition
| Pertaining to visual examination Example: Urethroscopic – Pertaining to the visual examination of the urethra, often to diagnose strictures or obstructions. |
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Definition
| Surgical crushing Example: Lithotripsy – A procedure that uses shock waves to crush kidney stones into smaller pieces for easier passage through the urinary tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| Urine, urination Example: Hematuria – The presence of blood in the urine, often indicating infections, stones, or more serious conditions like bladder cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abdomen, abdominal Example: Abdominoplasty – Surgical repair or reconstruction of the abdomen, often referred to as a "tummy tuck." |
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Definition
| Anus Example: Anoplasty – Surgical repair of the anus, often performed to treat congenital defects or damage caused by trauma. |
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Definition
| Antrum Example: Antrectomy – Surgical removal of the antrum, a part of the stomach, often done to treat ulcers or cancer. |
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Definition
| Appendix Example: Appendectomy – Surgical removal of the appendix, typically performed in cases of appendicitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Appendix Example: Appendicitis – Inflammation of the appendix, often causing abdominal pain and requiring surgical intervention. |
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Definition
| Cecum Example: Cecopexy – Surgical fixation of the cecum, often performed to correct volvulus (twisting of the bowel). |
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Definition
| Abdomen, abdominal cavity Example: Celiotomy – Surgical incision into the abdominal cavity, often performed to explore or treat abdominal conditions. |
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Definition
| Lip Example: Cheilitis – Inflammation of the lips, often caused by irritation, infection, or nutritional deficiencies. |
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Definition
| Gall, bile Example: Cholecystitis – Inflammation of the gallbladder, commonly caused by gallstones blocking the bile ducts. |
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Definition
| Common bile duct Example: Choledocholithiasis – The presence of stones in the common bile duct, often requiring removal to restore bile flow. |
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Definition
| Colon Example: Colitis – Inflammation of the colon, which can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramping. |
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Definition
| Intestine Example: Enteritis – Inflammation of the intestines, often caused by infection or irritants. |
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Definition
| Esophagus Example: Esophagitis – Inflammation of the esophagus, often resulting from acid reflux or infections. |
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Definition
| Stomach Example: Gastrectomy – Surgical removal of part or all of the stomach, typically to treat ulcers, cancer, or severe obesity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gum Example: Gingivitis – Inflammation of the gums, often caused by poor oral hygiene or bacterial infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tongue Example: Glossitis is inflammation of the tongue that can cause swelling, redness, and pain. It is often caused by infections or nutritional deficiencies. |
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Term
| BPH = Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia |
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Definition
| A sudden loss of kidney function, leading to the accumulation of waste products in the blood and an imbalance of electrolytes. It is often reversible with prompt treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| A non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, common in older men, that can cause urinary symptoms such as difficulty starting urination or a weak urine stream. |
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Term
| CKD = Chronic Kidney Disease |
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Definition
| The insertion of a catheter, a thin flexible tube, into the bladder to drain urine, monitor output, or deliver medications directly to the urinary tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| A long-term condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time, potentially leading to end-stage renal disease if untreated. |
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Term
| DRE = Digital Rectal Examination |
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Definition
| A diagnostic procedure in which a thin, flexible scope is inserted through the urethra to examine the bladder and urethra for abnormalities. |
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Definition
- A measurement of body fat based on height and weight, used to assess whether an individual is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese.
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Term
EGD = Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
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Definition
- A diagnostic procedure in which a flexible endoscope is used to examine the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine (duodenum).
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Definition
- A condition in infants or children characterized by insufficient weight gain or growth, often caused by inadequate nutrition or underlying medical conditions.
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Term
GERD = Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
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Definition
- A chronic condition in which stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing.
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Term
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Definition
- Referring to the digestive system, which includes the stomach, intestines, and associated organs involved in digestion and nutrient absorption.
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