Term
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Definition
influenced by food preferences and psychological stimulation
may eat without being hungry or needing nourishment |
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Definition
detected by olfactory cells in the nasal cavity as food odors
enter both the nose and mouth |
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Definition
refers to both taste and aroma
example: Chocolate tastes sweet but its flavor is "chocolate" |
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Term
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Definition
| a multi-step process of breaking down foods into absorbable components using mechanical and chemical means in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract |
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Term
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Definition
| chewing, grinding food to aid swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
part of mechanical digestion
the forward, rhythmic (wavelike) muscular contraction that moves through GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
| digestive juices and enzymes break down food into absorbable nutrients |
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Term
| gastrointestinal tract consists of: |
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Definition
mouth
esophagus
stomach
small and large intestines |
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Term
| main roles of the GI tract |
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Definition
break down food into smallest components
absorb nutrients, mainly in small intestines
prevent microogranism or other harmful compounds in food from entering tissues of the body
about 23 feet long with extensive surface area for nutrient absorption (cell lining is replaced every 3-5 days) |
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Term
| what happens after digestion? |
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Definition
nutrients are absorbed through the walls of the intestines into body's two transport systems: circulatory system (blood) and lymph system
sent to liver for processing before delivery to the body's cells |
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Term
| how efficient is the GI tract? |
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Definition
highly efficient
92-97% of nutrients from food are digested and absorbed |
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Term
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Definition
| softens, lubricates, dissolves food particles |
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Term
| what does saliva consist of? |
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Definition
| water, electrolytes, mucus, and a few enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| moves into pharynx, is swallowed, and then enters the esophagus by peristalsis |
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Term
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Definition
| closes off the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from lodging in the windpipe (trachea) |
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Term
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Definition
| propels food into the stomach |
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Term
| stomach's mechanical action |
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Definition
| churning mixes food with digestive juices for several hours |
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Term
| stomach produces two powerful digestive secretions: |
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Definition
1. HCl
2. mucus
3. digestive enzymes
4. Chyme |
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Term
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Definition
| activates enzyme pepsin, enhances absorption of minerals, breaks down connective tissue of meat |
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Term
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Definition
| protects stomach lining from damage |
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Term
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Definition
| intrinsic factor (for vitamin B12 absorption), stomach hormone gastrin |
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Term
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Definition
| semi-liquid substance of partially digested food and digestive juices |
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Term
| quick overview of the process of digestion |
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Definition
1. begins in the mouth. chewing mixes saliva with food and begins to break it down
2. bolus travels down the mouth to the stomach through the esophagus via peristalsis
3. stomach mixes food with enzymes to break it down further
4. most digestion and absorption occurs in the small intestine
5. water, vitamins, and some electrolytes are absorbed in the large intestine. the remaining wastes are passed out of the body in stool |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| three segments of the small intestine |
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Definition
duodenum (10 inches)
jejunum (8 feet)
ileum (12 feet) |
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Term
| interior surface area of the small intestine is tremendously increased by |
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Definition
| villi microvilli, circular folds |
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Term
| what is the largest gland in the body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
produces bile needed for fat digestion
metabolism of carbs, fats, and protein
stores nutrients: vitamins A, D, B12, E, copper, iron, glycogen (glucose storage form)
detoxifies alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
concentrates/stores bile
released into GI tract when fat is ingested |
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Term
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Definition
| produces hormones: insulin and glucagon, regulate blood glucose |
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Term
| role of circulatory system |
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Definition
| transports nutrients, oxygen, waste products through your blood |
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Term
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Definition
| distributes fat and fat-soluble nutrients through your lymph |
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Term
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Definition
| eliminates wastes from circulatory system via the urine |
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Term
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Definition
carbs
protein
fat
vitamins
minerals
water |
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Term
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Definition
| the unit used to measure energy |
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Term
| how many calories in carbs |
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Definition
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Term
| how many calories in protein |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how many calories in vitamins |
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Definition
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| how many calories in minerals |
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Definition
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Term
| how many calories in water |
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Definition
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Term
| total calories in all of them |
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Definition
0g Fat x 9= 0
11g Carbs x 4= 44
9g Protein x 4= 36
total calories= 80 |
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