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| In Erkison's theory, the psychological conflict of early childhood which is resolved positively through play experiences that foster a healthy sense of initiative and through development of a superego, or conscience, that is not overly strict and guilt-ridden. |
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| The set of attributes, abilities, and values that an individual believes defines who he or she is. |
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| feelings that involve injury or enhancement of their sense of self. |
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| Prosocial or altruistic behavior |
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Definition
| Actions that benefit another person without any expected reward for the self. |
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| Unoccupied, onlooker behavior and solitary play |
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| A child plays near other children with similar materials but does not try to influence their behavior. |
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| Children engage in separate activities but exchange toys and comment on one another's behavior. |
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| A more advanced type of interaction, children orient toward a common goal, such as acting out a make-believe theme. |
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| An adult helps the child notice feelings by pointing out the effects of the child's misbehavior on others. |
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| Rules and expectations that protect people's rights and welfare. |
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| customs determined solely by consensus, such as table manners and politeness |
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| Matters of personal choice |
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| choices that do not violate rights and are up to the individual. |
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| Children act to fulfill a need or desire and unemotionally attack a person to achieve their goal. |
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| An angry defensive response to provocation or a blocked goal and is meant to hurt another person. |
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Definition
| harms others through physical injury - pushing, hitting, kicking, or destroying another's property. |
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Definition
| harms other through threat of physical aggression, name-calling, or hostile teasing. |
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Definition
| Damages another's peer relationship through social exclusion, malicious gossip, or friendship manipulation. |
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| Any association of objects, activities, roles, or traits with one sex or the other in ways that conform to cultural stereotypes. |
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Definition
| information-processing approach to gender typing that combines social learning and cognitive-developmental features. It explains how environment pressure and children's cognition work together to shape gender-role development. |
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Definition
| Combinations of parenting behaviors that occur over a wide range of situations, creating and enduring child-rearing climate. |
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Term
| Authoritative child rearing style |
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Definition
| The most successful approach, involves high acceptance and involvement adaptive control techniques and appropriate autonomy granting. |
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| Authoritarian child rearing |
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Definition
| Low in acceptance and involvement, high in coercive control, and low in autonomy granting. |
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Term
| Permissive child-rearing style |
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Definition
| Is warm and accepting but uninvolved. Are either overindulging or inattentive and in little control. They allow children to make many of their own decisions at an age when they are not yet capable of doing so. |
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| Uninvolved Child-rearing stlye |
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Definition
| Combines low acceptance and involvement with little control and general indifference to issues of autonomy. |
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Definition
| Is at the rear and base of the brain, it aids in balance and control of body movement. |
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Definition
| A structure in the brain stem that maintains alterness and consciousness. |
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Definition
| A structure in the brain stem that maintains alterness and consciousness. |
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Definition
| An inner brain structure that plays a vital role in memory and in images of space that help us find our way. |
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Definition
| A large bundle of fibers connecting the two hemispheres. |
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Term
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Definition
| Located at the base of the brain and plays a critical role by releasing two hormones the induce growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Necessary for development of all body tissues except the central nervous system and the genitals. |
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Term
| Thyroid stimulating hormone |
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Definition
| Prompts the thyroid gland in the neck to release thyroxine which is necessary for brain development and for brain development and for GH to have its full impact on body size. |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget's second stage of cognitive development, spanning 2 to 7 years of age, characterized by an extraordinary increase in representational, or symbolic, activity, although thought is not yet logical. |
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Definition
| Failure to distinguish the symbloic viewpoints of others from one's own. |
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Definition
| The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities. |
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Definition
| The idea that certain physical characteristics of objects remain the same, even when their outward appearance changes. |
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Term
| Hierarchical classification |
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Definition
| The organization of objects into classes and subclasses on the basis of similarities and differences. |
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