Term
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Definition
| a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple |
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Term
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Definition
| agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm |
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Term
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Definition
| parent is demanding and responsive, children usually have the highest self esteem, self reliance, and self confidence |
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Term
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Definition
| parent is demanding but not responsive; impose rules and expects obedience, strict rules with no explanation |
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Term
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Definition
| parent shows no control or warmth, meet the very basic needs, minimal contact with child |
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Term
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Definition
| parent subjects to child's desires, makes few demands, and uses little punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| birth to 2 years: experiencing the world through senses and actions (looking, touching, mouthing, and grasping); object permanence, stranger anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 to 6 years: representing things with words and images, use intuitive rather than logical reasoning; pretend play, egocentrism, language development |
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Term
| concrete operational stage |
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Definition
| 7-11 years: thinking logically about concrete events, grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations; conservation, mathematical transformations |
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Term
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Definition
| 12-adulthood: abstract reasoning; abstract logic, potential for mature moral reasoning |
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Term
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Definition
| interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas |
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Term
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Definition
| adapting one's current understanding (schemas) to incorporate new information |
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Term
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Definition
| our current understandings |
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Term
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Definition
| the awareness that things continue to exist even when not percieved |
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Term
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Definition
| in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view |
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Term
| Erickson's psychosocial development |
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Definition
| this theorist contended that each stage of life has its own psychosocial task, a crisis that needs resolution |
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Term
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Definition
| infancy to 1 year: if needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust |
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Term
| autonomy vs shame and doubt |
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Definition
| 1-2years: toddlers learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities |
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Term
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Definition
| 3-5years:preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent |
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Term
| competence vs inferiority |
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Definition
| 6-puberty: children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior |
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Term
| identity vs role confusion |
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Definition
| teen-20's:teens work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are |
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Term
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Definition
| 20-40s: young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated |
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Term
| generativity vs stagnation |
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Definition
| 40-60s: in middle age, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose |
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Term
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Definition
| late 60's and up: when reflecting on his or her life, the older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure |
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