Term
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Definition
Child centered approach to learning that emphasizes learning through creative child directed exploration. The schools foster individual pride and creativity. Features large open rooms, child's work displayed, large high ceiling rooms, lots of windows, and low teacher to student ratios.
Gold Standard of Child Education |
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Term
| Difference between Reggio Emilia and Teacher-Directed |
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Definition
R.E. stresses each childs creativity and focuses on child direction.
Teacher- Directed is guided by the instructor and follows the same curriculum for all students |
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Term
| General view of Cost/benefit for Head Start |
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Definition
| The program, funded by the governemtn, is designed for low income and minority children. The program leads to less arrests and higher paying jobs in the future. |
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Term
| Learning how and when to express emotions is the preeminent accomplishment between what ages? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when child behaves to gain praise from outside sources |
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Term
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Definition
| when a child behaves for the joy of doing it |
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Term
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Definition
Authoritarian- diplomatic
Authoritative - dictator
Permissive - friend
Neglect/Abuse - ignore or harm child |
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Term
| Outcomes of the 4 Parenting Styles |
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Definition
Authoritative- happy, successful kids
Authoritarian - unhappy, obedient, quiet, self blaming, but successful
Permissive- unhappy, poor self control, immature, not good with boundaries
Neglect/Abuse - unhappy, fearful of relationships, drug abuse, mental health disorders, rarely successful |
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Term
| Reasons for Childhood Obesity |
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Definition
1) heredity
2) social influences
3) parenting |
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Term
| Solutions for Child Obesity |
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Definition
1) Parents should promote healthy behavior through nutrition and exercise
2) introducing physical activity simply for the joy of it through play |
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Term
| Benefits of Modeling good health and nutrition to children |
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Definition
healthy body wieght, less risk of illness, better immune system, better cognition
if a child sees how to be healthy they are more likely to take care of themselves and have less chance of chronic health problems and obesity |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways |
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Term
| National Averages of diagnosis in minority groups |
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Definition
affects 9% of children overall
13% of African American Children
19% of peurto rican children |
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Term
| Why does asthma occur in higher percentages in minority groups? |
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Definition
- lower economic status level which may reduce access to quality health care
- parents more likely to smoke
- housing conditions such as cockroaches and poor ventilation |
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Term
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Definition
allergies
air pollution
genetics
hygiene |
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Term
| Four Lessons for Developmental Psychology that apply to everyone |
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Definition
1) Abnormality is normal
2) Disability changes year by year
3)Adulthood may be better or worse
4) Diagnosis depends on social context |
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Term
| 2 ingredients that intensify ADD |
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Definition
artificial colors
preservatives |
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Term
| Characteristic that separates ADD from ADHD |
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Definition
| the impulse to be continuously active |
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Term
| Percentage of children identified with ADD/ADHD |
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Definition
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Term
| Signs of Autistic Spectrum Disorder |
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Definition
- delayed language
- impaired social responses
- unusual play
-lack of eye contact
- stilted speech
- inability to read social cues |
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Term
| Incident rate of Autistic Spectrum Disorders has _____________ since the 1990's |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 main criteria for designing special ed programs according to the Education of All Handicapped Children law of 1975 |
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Definition
1) Individual Education Plan (IEP)
2) Least restrictive environment (LRE) |
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Term
Limitations of IQ tests
NEED! |
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Definition
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Term
| Most important cognitive structure attained in middle school |
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Definition
| concrete operational thought |
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Term
| Crucial Step in Hierarchy of Catagories |
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Definition
Classification
-without this ability you can't understand pattern ect |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to grasp connections that are implied but not stated |
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Term
| Key Differences b/w Vygotshy and Piagets view of "Role of Instruction" |
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Definition
Piaget:
-emphasizes learning through childs concrete operation phase
- child self discovery
Vygotsky:
- all about instruction
- guided learning
- zone of proximal development
- cultures teach people |
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Term
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Definition
the information processing theory
-brain is like a computer |
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Term
| 8 terms associated with Information processing theory |
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Definition
-sensory motor
-working memory
-speed of cognition
-control processes
- paying attention
-long term memory
- knowledge base
- metacognition |
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Term
| 3 strategies for second language instruction |
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Definition
ESL
Immersion
Bilingual Instruction |
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Term
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Definition
- how we teach
- what we say
- how we say it
- discipline we use
- interactions in class
ect |
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Term
Reason children from low income families are least likely to succeed in school
NEED |
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Definition
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Term
| Difference between self concept and self perception |
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Definition
concept
- view of your individual identity w/o consideration of how others see you. knowledge of yourself
perception
-person's view of their mental and physical attributes |
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Term
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Definition
| the capacity to adapt well to significant adversity and to overcome serious stress |
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Term
| When parents fight, children ___________ _____ __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Benefits of 2 parent households |
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Definition
greater income
more adult attention
more stability |
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Term
| Social Lessons Children Learn from peers |
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Definition
negotiation
compromise
conflict resolution
acceptable social behaviors |
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Term
| School age children value acceptance from ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rejection by peers based on antagonistic, confrontational behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| rejection by peers based on withdrawn, anxious, timid behavior |
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Term
| Percentage of Anorexia victims that die from related consequences |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-binging and purging at least once a week for three months
- uncontrollable urge to overeat
- distorted perception of body size |
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Term
| Sequence of a growth spurt |
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Definition
1) Weight
2) Height
3) Muscles |
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Term
| Organ system that does not grow in puberty |
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Definition
lymphoid system
-decreases in size |
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Term
| What grows first the limbic system or prefrontal cortex |
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Definition
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Term
| Benefits of Uneven Brain Development in Adolescence |
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Definition
-adolescent atheletes reach achievement faster
- higher levels of passion make more intense emotional experiences
- creativity centers are ignited leading to new ideas and passions |
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Term
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Definition
imaginary audience
personal fable
invincibility fable |
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Term
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Definition
| adolescent belief that there is an audience of people watching their every move |
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Term
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Definition
| adolescent belief that they are the star of their own tv show adn everyone else is just supporting characters |
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Term
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Definition
| adolescent belief that they are invincible, bad things can happen but won't happen to them |
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Term
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Definition
2 Networks in human brain
-one emotional and one analytical
-Intuitive thought
-Analytical thought |
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Term
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Definition
thinking based on feelings and memories
begins with prior belief or experience rather than logical premise |
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Term
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Definition
thinking based on formal, logical, deductive thought
begins with rational analysis of many factors whose interactions are calculated |
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Term
| base rate neglect fallacy |
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Definition
ignoring statistical information because of a compelling story
being afraid to fly and choosing to drive |
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Term
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Definition
believing money, time, or effort that cannot be recovered is best dealt with by investing more to reach goal
lemon car |
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Term
| Identity vs Role Confusion |
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Definition
| Erikson's fifth psychological crisis |
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Term
| goal in resolving identity vs role confusion |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when a person lacks commitment to any of the goals and values of the past |
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Term
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Definition
| when a person has a feeling of apathy or indifference concerning roles of the future |
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Term
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Definition
when adolescents accept all of the values and views passed to them from parents and culture without any personal evaluation or review
teens follow without believing they either have the ability or freedom to question, which can set in motion a propensity for a significant break or resentment later in life |
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Term
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Definition
postponement of the evaluation in order to allow for more experience and maturity
built into our culture is the least waiting until after high school, but for many college provides a built in delay and experiential path for further exploration |
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