posterior intercostal a.

lumbar a.

arteries to upper and lower extremties (includes R & L subclavian a. and common iliac a.)

esophageal a.

bronchial a.

abdominal arteries - celiac, superior, and inferior mesenteric a.

proximal part of the internal iliac a.

superior vesical a. (to urinary bladder)

medial umbilical ligaments (from the distal part of the umbilical a. that become fibrotic)

What do paired lateral splanchnic arteries form?

renal a.

suprarenal a.

gonadal a.

aortic arches 1, 2, and 5

exceptions: aortic arch 1 forms part of the maxillary a.; aortic arch 2 forms part of the stapedial a.

proximal part forms the CCA

ICA = aortic arch 3 + dorsal aorta

distal part of right aortic arch 6 disintegrates

distal part of left aortic arch 6 forms the ductus arteriosus

a bypass of the lungs in the fetus - directly connects left pulmonary artery (contains oxygenated blood in the fetus) and arch of the aorta

After birth, the smooth wall of the ductus arteriosus contracts, cutting off blood flow, and the vessel becomes fibrotic - becoming ligamentus arteriosum

The recurrent larygneal nerve is associated with pharyngeal arch 6 - also innervates muscles of the larynx

The distal part of left aortic arch 6 (which is associated with pharyngeal arch 6) becomes the ductus arteriosus, connecting the left pulmonary artery to the arch of the aorta, so the left recurrent laryngeal nerves must pass under the derivative of the left aortic arch 6 and back up to the laryngeal muscles

narrowing of the aorta inferior to the ductus arteriosus

The ductus arteriosus closes normally post-natally, becoming ligamentum arteriosum.  In order for blood to get to all the structures inferior to the aortic arch, there must exist collateral circulations (2).

1. arch of the aorta - L subclavian a. - L internal throacic a. - anterior intercostal a. - posterior intercostal a. - descending aorta (depends on intact anastomoses btwn anterior and posterior intercostal a.; gives rib-notching due to larger intercostal a.)

2. arch of the aorta - L subclavian a. - L internal throacic a. - L superior epigastric a. L inferior epigastric a. - external iliac a.

narrowing of the aorta superior to the ductus arteriosus

-ductus arteriosus remains patent to suplly the rest of the aorta with blood

Caused by failure of closure of the ductus arteriosus post-natally

Thus, blood is shunted from the arch of the aorta (oxygenated blood) into the lower pressure L pulmonary artery (deoxygenated blood)

-common in premature infants or whose mothers have german measles (rubella)

-tx - prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors - promote closure of the ductus arteriosus

The right subclavian a. comes directly off the aortic arch and passes posterior to the esophagus

-can result in compression of the esophagus and dysphagia

1. wrongful disintegration of right aortic arch 4 and the adj part of the dorsal aorta

2. right subclavian a. forms from the right 7th intersegmental a. and persistence of the distal part of the right dorsal aorta

two aortic arches - one that develops from persistence of the right dorsal aorta

-the arches together form a vascular ring around the eosphagus and trachea - can cause dysphagia and difficulty breathing

due to persistence of the right dorsal aorta and degeneration of the distal part of the left dorsal aorta

-can pass either anterior or posterior to the esophagus (if posterior, can compress the esophagus and cause dysphagia)

hepatic sinusoids, ductus venosus (post-natally becomes ligamentum venosum)

-distal part of the left vitelline vein distintegrates

-distal part of the right vitelline vein enlarges and becomes part of the inferior vena cava and hepatic portal system

The right umbilical vein disintegrates.

The left umbilical vein carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood to the liver; post-natally, it becomes fibrotic and becomes ligametum teres hepatis

part of the internal jugular vein, left brachiocephalic vein (the right and left anterior cardinal veins form an oblique anastomosis)

-terminal part of the left anterior cardinal vein disintgrates

-the terminal part of the right anterior cardinal vein becomes part of the right brachiocephalic vein